コントラストによる急性腎損傷後の持続性腎損傷:発生率,進化,リスク要因,および予後
Mauro Maioli1, Anna Toso, Mario Leoncini
1Division of Cardiology, Misericordia e Dolce Hospital, Prato, Italy. mauro.maioli@fastwebnet.it
Circulation
|May 18, 2012
まとめ
コントラスト誘発性急性腎損傷 (CI-AKI) は,持続的な腎臓損傷につながり,死亡リスクを高めます. CI-AKIの危険因子を特定することは,既にある腎機能不全の患者の管理に極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- ネフロロジーは腎臓科
- 心臓病学 心臓病学
- クリニック・リサーチ 臨床研究
背景:
- コントラスト誘発性急性腎損傷 (CI-AKI) が腎機能に及ぼす長期的な影響は,十分に理解されていません.
- 中度から重度の既にある腎機能不全の患者は,CI-AKIに特に脆弱です.
- この研究は,CI-AKI後の持続性腎損傷の発生率,リスク要因,および予後を調査することを目的とした.
研究 の 目的:
- 冠動脈血管撮影を受ける中等から重度の腎機能不全の患者におけるCI-AKIの発生率を決定する.
- CI-AKI後に持続的な腎臓損傷に関連した有意なリスク要因を特定する.
- 持続的な腎臓損傷が長期的な死亡率と心血管疾患の有害事象に与える予後的影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 3986人の患者が冠動脈血管撮影を受けた観察研究で,その1490人がベースラインクレアチニンクリアランス<60mL/分であった.
- CI-AKIは,コントラスト後の3日以内に血清クレアチニンの絶対値≥0.5 mg/dLの増加として定義されます.
- 3ヶ月でクレアチニンクリアランスの≥25%減少として定義される持続性腎損傷; 基礎値への戻りとして定義される過渡性腎損傷.
主要な成果:
- CI-AKIの全体的な発生率は12.1%で,これらの患者の18.6%が持続的な腎臓損傷を経験しました.
- 持続性腎損傷の重要な危険因子には,腎不全リスクスコア≥17,左心室排泄分数≤30%,および5日以内に血清クレアチニンの≥1.5倍の増加が含まれています.
- 5年後には,持続的な腎損傷は,著しく高い死亡率 (P=0.015) と,死亡,透析,心血管疾患の統合エンドポイントの増加への傾向と関連していました.
結論:
- CI-AKIは必ずしも一時的なものではありませんし,腎機能の悪化を直接引き起こします.
- CI-AKIの発展は,将来の心血管疾患のリスクが高い患者の指標として機能します.
- 前進的な管理とリスクファクターの識別は,コントラストメディアを含む処置を受けている既にある腎機能不全の患者にとって不可欠です.
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