ヒトのメジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックス・クラスII領域の遺伝子で,クラスI抗原プレゼンテーション経路を制御する
T Spies1, M Bresnahan, S Bahram
1Division of Tumor Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Nature
|December 20, 1990
まとめ
研究者らは,メジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックス (MHC) のクラスI組立に不可欠なペプチド供給因子 (PSF) を特定した. このタンパク質はATP依存型トランスポーターと同型であり,免疫監視のための細胞内ペプチド輸送における役割を示唆している.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- メジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックス (MHC) クラスIの分子は細胞表面に細胞内ペプチドを存在させ,細胞毒性Tリンパ球による免疫監視を行う.
- MHCクラスI分子の適切な組み立てと輸送は,細胞内ペプチド結合に依存しています.
- MHC領域内のペプチド供給因子 (PSF) 遺伝子の欠陥は,ヒトの突然変異細胞系で観察されたように,この重要な細胞機構を損なう.
研究 の 目的:
- ペプチド供給因子 (PSF) の遺伝子を特定するために,障害のあるMHCクラスIの組立と輸送に責任があります.
- MHC内のPSF遺伝子の位置と機能特性を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- MHCゲノム病変を有するヒト変異細胞系における削除マッピング.
- 染色体ウォーキング技術で,PSF遺伝子を特定する.
- PSFを既知の輸送タンパク質と比較したホモロジー分析.
主要な成果:
- ペプチド供給因子 (PSF) 遺伝子は,MHCクラスII領域内で成功裏に特定されました.
- PSFは,哺乳類やバクテリアに見られるATP依存型輸送タンパク質に同質性を示しています.
- これらの発見は,PSFがペプチドの細胞内輸送に関与していることを示唆しています.
結論:
- PSFの識別は,MHCクラスIの組立と輸送で以前に観察された欠陥の分子説明を提供します.
- ATPに依存するトランスポーターとのPSFの同質性は,免疫認識に不可欠な細胞内ペプチドの密輸のための新しいメカニズムを示しています.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Antigen Presenting Cells
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Antigen Processing Pathways
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...


