民族と紛争:理論と事実
Joan Esteban1, Laura Mayoral, Debraj Ray
1Institut d'Anàlisi Económica, CSIC and Barcelona GSE, ES08193, Spain.
まとめ
以前から存在していた民族的分断は,社会的紛争に大きく影響し,ポラライゼーションは公的賞をめぐって紛争を引き起こし,民間賞をめぐって分断を起こす. これは,民族紛争がしばしば原始的ではなく,道具的であることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
- 政治科学は政治学を学んでいる.
- 紛争研究 紛争研究
背景:
- 20世紀後半には,国境内の内戦がますます支配的になった.
- これらの紛争の有意な割合は,民族的暴力に関与していた.
- 既存の理論は,民族的分裂が社会紛争に役割を果たすことを示唆している.
研究 の 目的:
- 既にある民族的分裂が社会紛争に影響を与えるという経験的証拠を提供すること.
- 民族的分裂が紛争に影響を与える特定のチャネルを特定する.
- 民族紛争の原始的性質と非原始的な性質を検証する.
主な方法:
- 民族的分裂と社会的紛争に関する理論的および経験的研究の分析.
- 民族分裂の2つの尺度である,偏極化と分断化の統計的検討.
- 賞品の特徴 (公的対私的) に基づく紛争タイプとの相関関係.
主要な成果:
- 以前から存在していた民族的分断が,社会的紛争に大きく影響していることが判明しました.
- 民族的分極化は,公共の利益 (例えば,政治権力) が危険にさらされているときの紛争と相関する.
- 民族的分断は,私的な利益 (例えば,資源) が関わっているときの紛争と相関する.
結論:
- 民族的分断は,社会紛争の重要な決定因子であり,異なるメカニズムを通じて動作します.
- この発見は,集団間の紛争の理論を支持し,紛争がしばしば重要な役割を果たすことを示唆しています.
- 民族紛争は,固有の敵意ではなく,戦略的計算によって引き起こされる可能性が高い.
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