8600万年前の深海の赤い粘土の空気中微生物の呼吸
Hans Røy1, Jens Kallmeyer, Rishi Ram Adhikari
1Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. hans.roy@biology.au.dk
まとめ
深海の微生物コミュニティは,呼吸率を大幅に低下させることで,何百万年もの間生き延びている. この代謝適応により,堆積物が酸素で満たされ続け,極端な環境でも生命を支えている.
科学分野:
- マリン・マイクロバイオロジー
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 深層生物圏の研究
背景:
- 微生物の生命は深海の堆積物の中に存在し,新鮮な有機物質なしで何百万年も生き延びている.
- 沈着率は,下層環境における酸素の浸透と微生物の活動に影響を与える.
- 北太平洋の渦巻は,長期的な微生物の生存を研究するためのユニークな環境を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋沈殿物の深部で微生物の呼吸速度を調査する.
- エネルギー流れと微生物コミュニティの大きさの関係を理解する.
- 微生物の代謝が古代の堆積物における酸素化された状態をどのように維持するのかを決定する.
主な方法:
- 海洋沈殿物の様々な深さでの酸素呼吸速度の測定.
- 微生物の細胞特有の呼吸の分析.
- 沈殿層の放射線年代測定により,年代を決定する.
主要な成果:
- 沈殿地の深さに伴い,酸素呼吸速度は大幅に低下し,界面の10μmol O(2) L−1 yr−1から30mの0.001μmol O(2) L−1 yr−1まで減少した.
- 細胞特異的な呼吸速度は深さと共に低下し,10−3 fmol O(2) 細胞−1 日−1.1 周りに安定した.
- 微生物コミュニティの大きさは,炭素酸化率とエネルギー利用によって規制されていることが判明しました.
結論:
- 深海の微生物コミュニティは,非常に低い代謝率を示し,長期的な生存を可能にします.
- エネルギーフロースは,微生物コミュニティのサイズと深層沈殿物の活動を制御する重要な制限要因です.
- 古代の海洋堆積物における持続的な酸素化は,これらの高効率で低エネルギー代謝によって促進されます.
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