21の乳がんのゲノムを形作る突然変異プロセス
Serena Nik-Zainal1, Ludmil B Alexandrov, David C Wedge
1Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
Cell
|May 22, 2012
まとめ
癌ゲノムは,DNAの損傷と修復による変異パターンを明らかにします. 研究者らは,BRCA1/BRCA2変異を含む乳がんの異なる変異シグネチャを特定し,kataegisと呼ばれる局所的な超変異を観察しました.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- がん生物学 がん生物学
- 分子腫瘍学 分子腫瘍学
背景:
- 癌ゲノムにおける体内変異は,DNA損傷と修復メカニズムについての洞察を提供します.
- これらの変異パターンを理解することは,がんの発達と進化の解読に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 21の乳がんゲノムにおける体的変異をカタログ化する.
- 根本的なDNA損傷と修復プロセスに関連した変異シグネチャを特定し,特徴づけること.
- 変異パターン,遺伝子転写,ゲノム再編の間の関係を調査する.
主な方法:
- 21の乳がんサンプルから体変異カタログの生成.
- 変異シグネチャーを抽出するための数学的方法の適用.
- シングル・ダブル・ヌクレオチドの置換,削除,およびゲノム特征との相関の分析.
主要な成果:
- 多数の単一および二重核酸置換シグネチャーを識別する.
- BRCA1/BRCA2変異がんにおける特徴的な変異シグネチャーと消去プロファイルの特定.
- 変異の有病率と転写の間の複雑な関係の検出.
- TpCダイヌクレオチドにおける局所的なハイパーミューテーション (kataegis) の観察,しばしば体的再配置でコロカライズする.
結論:
- 乳がんゲノムは,さまざまなDNA損傷と修復経路を反映した多様な変異シグネチャーを表しています.
- 特定の変異シグネチャーは,BRCA1/BRCA2変異と関連しています.
- Kataegisは,癌の進化に潜在的な影響を及ぼす重要な局所的な超変異現象を表しています.
- サイトジンデアミナーゼのAPOBECファミリーは,観察された変異シグネチャーに潜在的に貢献しています.
関連する概念動画
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Mismatch Repair
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mismatch Repair
Overview
Mutations in Microorganisms
Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
Mutations
Overview

