アポリポプロテインEは,サイクロフィリンAを介して脳血管の完全性を制御します
Robert D Bell1, Ethan A Winkler, Itender Singh
1Center for Neurodegenerative and Vascular Brain Disorders, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
Nature
|May 25, 2012
まとめ
APOE4遺伝子の変異体とApoeタンパク質の欠如は,特定の炎症経路を活性化することによって,血液脳障壁 (BBB) を破壊する. これは神経血管の損傷につながり,神経機能障害を先導し,APOE4に関連する神経変性に対する治療目標を示唆します.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 血管生物学 血管生物学
背景:
- 人間のアポリポプロテインE (APOE) には,APOE2,APOE3,APOE4の3つの同型があります.
- APOE4は,アルツハイマー病やその他の神経疾患の重要な遺伝的リスク因子です.
- 神経血管機能障害は,APOE4キャリアおよび関連する疾患において観察されていますが,その基礎的なメカニズムは不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- APOEの遺伝子型が脳マイクロ循環と血脳障壁 (BBB) の整合性にどのように影響するか調査する.
- APOE4に関連した神経血管機能不全に関与する分子経路の解明.
主な方法:
- 遺伝子操作されたサイクロフィリンA (CypA) を含む,APOEトランスジェニックマウスモデルを使用しました.
- 異なるAPOEイソフォームとAPOE欠乏がBBBの整合性と神経血管機能に及ぼす影響を調査した.
- CypA-核因子-κB-マトリックス-メタロプロテインーゼ-9 (NF-κB-MMP9) 経路がペリサイトにおける役割を調査した.
主要な成果:
- APOE4の発現とネズミのApoeの欠如が,APOE2やAPOE3ではないが,BBBの分解を引き起こした.
- この分解は,周周細胞における炎症性CypA-NF-κB-MMP9経路の活性化によって媒介された.
- マイクロ血管および脳血流の減少を含む血管の欠陥は,神経機能障害を先行し,神経変性変化を開始しました.
- アストロサイトによって分泌されるAPOE3は,APOE4とは異なり,リポタンパク質受容体を通してこの経路を抑制した.
結論:
- APOE4とApoeの欠乏は,神経細胞内のCypA-NF-κB-MMP9経路を通じてBBBの分解を誘導し,神経血管損傷を引き起こす.
- これらの血管の欠陥は,神経変性プロセスを先行し,開始することができます.
- サイクロフィリンA (CypA) は,APOE4媒介の神経血管損傷およびその後の神経機能障害を軽減するための重要な治療標的として特定されています.
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