がんにおける再発性半導体欠損は,増殖の可能性を最適化することがあります
Nicole L Solimini1, Qikai Xu, Craig H Mermel
1Department of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, and Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 26, 2012
まとめ
腫瘍の再発的な欠損は,腫瘍抑制遺伝子 (STOP遺伝子) と必須遺伝子 (GO遺伝子) を除去することで,がんを誘導する可能性があります. この"がん遺伝子島"モデルは,累積的な遺伝子喪失が腫瘍の成長を促す方法を説明しています.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 癌生物学 癌生物学について
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 腫瘍は,しばしば,既知の腫瘍抑制剤が欠け,半身の欠損を呈し,この現象は十分に理解されていない.
- これらの切除は,腫瘍発生における新しい遺伝的メカニズムの潜在的な役割を示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ガン発症における半導体欠損内の遺伝子の役割を調査する.
- ハプロイン不十分性を通して腫瘍発生に貢献する遺伝子を特定する.
主な方法:
- ヘミジゴス・デレーション内の癌に関連する遺伝子の遺伝子スクリーニング.
- 遺伝子機能 (増殖調節) と染色体分布の分析.
- ガン遺伝子島モデルの開発.
主要な成果:
- STOP遺伝子 (腫瘍抑制剤を含む陰性増殖調節体) とGO遺伝子 (陽性増殖調節体,エッセンシャル遺伝子) の識別.
- 繰り返し削除すると,STOP遺伝子が削除され,GO遺伝子が保存されます.
- 提案されたがん遺伝子島モデル:遺伝子に富んだ島を削除することで,増殖能力が最大化される.
結論:
- "がん遺伝子島"の半導体欠失による累積的なハプロイン不足は,腫瘍発生を誘発する可能性がある.
- このメカニズムは,様々な種類の癌の腫瘍発症に寄与する.
- STOPとGOの遺伝子の不均衡は,がんの進行において極めて重要です.
関連する概念動画
01:20The Retinoblastoma Gene
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
02:15Replicative Cell Senescence
Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
02:53Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
01:05Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
01:05Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
01:12Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...