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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

微生物群と免疫系との相互作用

Lora V Hooper1, Dan R Littman, Andrew J Macpherson

  • 1The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. lora.hooper@utsouthwestern.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 8, 2012
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

哺乳類の免疫システムと居住微生物は,健康にとって重要な共同進化した関係を持っています. これらの相互作用を理解することは,宿主-微生物のバランスを維持し,病気を予防します.

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Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
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Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach

Published on: May 2, 2018

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
08:24

Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach

Published on: May 2, 2018

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

科学分野:

  • 微生物学 微生物学とは
  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • ホストと微生物の相互作用

背景:

  • 哺乳類の体表面には,免疫システムとの複雑で共進化した関係を持つ多数の微生物が宿っている.
  • 居住微生物は宿主の生理学にとって不可欠ですが,バリアが破られれば病気を引き起こす可能性があります.
  • 哺乳類の免疫システムは,微生物コミュニティとのホメオスタシスの維持に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ホストと微生物の相互作用の理解における進歩をレビューする.
  • 寄生微生物が哺乳類の免疫をどのように形作るかを探求する.
  • 人間の健康に及ぼす影響について議論する.

主な方法:

  • ホストと微生物の相互作用に関する最近の研究の文献レビュー.
  • 微生物の恒常性を維持する免疫系の役割に関する研究の分析.
  • 哺乳類の免疫に対する微生物の影響に関する発見の統合.

主要な成果:

  • 免疫システムは,居住微生物との相互関係を積極的に維持しています.
  • 寄生微生物は,哺乳類の免疫系の発達と機能に大きな影響を与えます.
  • これらの相互作用の調節不良は,様々な病理と関連しています.

結論:

  • ホストと微生物の相互作用を深く理解することは,健康を維持するために不可欠です.
  • この分野での進歩は,免疫関連の疾患に対する潜在的な治療戦略を提供します.
  • 微生物群が人間の健康に与える恩恵を活用するには,継続的な研究が不可欠です.