皮質アクチンの活性改造は,細胞表面分子の空間時間的組織を調節する

Kripa Gowrishankar¹, Subhasri Ghosh, Suvrajit Saha

¹Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, India.

Cell

|June 12, 2012

まとめ

細胞表面ナノクラスターは,アクティブなアクチンリモデリングによって駆動され,均衡によってではなく,動的に形成されます. この活性水力学モデルによって,プラズマ膜の分子組織が説明されます.

科学分野:

細胞生物学細胞生物学
バイオフィジックス生物物理学
バイオケミストリーバイオケミストリー

背景:

脂質結合タンパク質とグリコリピドは,細胞表面上のモノマーとナノクラスターとして存在します.
ナノクラスターの形成とダイナミクスは熱平衡状態ではなく,皮質アクチン改造によって調節されます.

研究の目的:

活性水力学に基づく細胞表面ナノクラスタリングのモデルを提案し,検証する.
プラズマ膜の分子組織を制御する,活性で非均衡のメカニズムを説明するために.

主な方法:

活性水力力学に基づく理論モデルを開発した.
光相関スペクトロスコーピー (FCS) と総内部反射光顕微鏡 (TIRF) を利用しました.
理論的予測の実験的検証を行いました.

主要な成果:

細胞皮質の短い,ダイナミックな,ポリメリ化するアクチンフィラメントの証拠を提供した.
アクチンと相互作用する脂質アンコールタンパク質は,異常な濃度変動を示すことが確認されました.
アクチンに結合する細胞膜タンパク質がナノクラスターを形成できることを実証した.

結論:

皮質アクチンの活性改造は,一時的なナノクラスターの形成を促します.
提案された活性水力力学モデルは,分子組織の実験的観測を一貫して説明します.
プラズマ膜の分子組織の空間時間的調節のための活性メカニズムを特定しました.

さらに関連する動画

05:50

Measuring Cell-Edge Protrusion Dynamics during Spreading using Live-Cell Microscopy

Published on: November 1, 2021

2.1K

11:55

Reconstitution of Membrane-Tethered Minimal Actin Cortices on Supported Lipid Bilayers

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.8K

関連する概念動画

01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

5.8K

Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....

5.8K

01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

2.5K

Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...

2.5K

01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

3.1K

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...

3.1K

01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

1.9K

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...

1.9K

01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

3.2K

Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...

3.2K

01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

4.9K

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...