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アカントドスとサメのような状態が,現代のグナトストームの最後の共通の祖先に存在していた
Samuel P Davis1, John A Finarelli, Michael I Coates
1UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Nature
|June 16, 2012
まとめ
初期の魚であるAcanthodes bronniが再検査され,その脳蓋の形態学が骨魚 (Osteichthyes) よりもサメ (Chondrichthyes) に似ていることが明らかになった. この発見は,を持つ脊椎動物の起源の理解を新たに定義する.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 比較解剖学 比較解剖学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- アカンソディアは,の脊椎動物 (gnathostome) の起源を理解するための鍵です.
- Acanthodes bronniは,最も詳細なアカンソディアン化石であり,系統遺伝学的分析に不可欠である.
- 脳の形状はオステイクシアンに似ていると解釈されており,進化モデルに影響を与えています.
研究 の 目的:
- Acanthodes bronni braincaseの新しい詳細な説明を提供するために.
- 初期のグナトストーム内のアカンソディアンの系統遺伝的位置を再評価する.
- コンドリヒセスとオステイヒセスの間の進化的関係を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- Acanthodes bronniの脳の詳細な形態学的分析,頭蓋骨と眼球領域に焦点を当てました.
- 主な座標分析は,形質的特徴データの分析である.
- 総合的な特性-分類マトリックスを用いた系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- アカントーデスの脳蓋の形状の新たな詳細は,初期のコンドリクシアンの頭蓋と予想外の類似性を明らかにしています.
- 定量分析 (主要座標分析) は,アカントーデスをコンドリヒシアン類に近い位置にしています.
- 系統遺伝学的分析は,アカントーデスを骨類の幹にしっかりと配置し,アカントーディアンは幹のコンドリクシアンと幹のグナトストームとして位置づけています.
結論:
- Acanthodesの頭蓋骨のコンドリヒチアンのような特徴は,クラウン・グナトストームの共有された原始的な特徴を表しており,コンドリヒチアンの特性を派生していない.
- アカンソディアは幹ゲノストームで,コンドリクシアンとオステイクシアンに比べて位置が明確である.
- 初期の脊椎動物の頭蓋骨の進化は,の起源と現代のクラドの分岐の前に,重要な解剖学的再編成を含んでいた.
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