暴力のサイクルにおけるメカニズム
K A Dodge1, J E Bates, G S Pettit
1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203.
まとめ
幼少期の身体的虐待は,後年において攻撃的な行動を発達させる重要な危険因子です. これは,他の環境的および生物学的要因を考慮しても,社会的情報処理の変更によって潜在的に起こる.
科学分野:
- 児童心理学 児童心理学について
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 行動科学は,行動科学である.
背景:
- 幼児期の身体的虐待と攻撃に関する以前の研究は,曖昧な結果をもたらしました.
- 以前の研究では,重要な生態学的,生物学的変数をしばしば見逃していた.
- 虐待が攻撃的行動の発達に及ぼす直接的な影響を明確にする必要がありました.
研究 の 目的:
- 身体的虐待そのものが (それ自体) 子どもの攻撃的行動の発達に否定的な影響を与えているかどうかを判断する.
- 虐待を受けた子どもが反社会的パターンを発達させる根本的なメカニズムを調査する.
- 虐待を受けた子どもの攻撃性を媒介する社会的情報処理の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 309人の子供の代表的なサンプルで前向きな研究が行われました.
- 環境的要因 (貧困,家庭内暴力など) と生物学的変数 (健康,気質など) をコントロールした.
- 虐待を受けた子どもの社会的情報処理パターンを分析した.
主要な成果:
- 身体的虐待は,後の攻撃的行動の重要な危険因子として確認されました.
- この関連性は,生態学的および生物学的要因を考慮した後でも堅調に留まっていました.
- 虐待を受けた子どもは,社会情報処理パターンの偏った傾向を示した.
結論:
- 幼児期の身体的虐待は,子供の行動発達に有害な影響を及ぼします.
- 偏った社会的情報処理は,虐待を受けた子供たちの間で攻撃性の発達における重要な仲介者かもしれません.
- 発見は,長期的な行動問題を防ぐために,幼少期の虐待に対処することの重要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Fundamental Attribution Error
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Aggression
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...
Bullying
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.
Radical Reactivity: Overview
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired molecule. These three...
Infection
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Motivational Cycle
The motivational cycle is a key concept that explains how individuals are motivated to meet their needs. At its core, the cycle revolves around four distinct stages: need, drive, goal-directed behavior, and goal achievement. These stages respond to imbalances in the body or mind, prompting actions that restore balance.
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...
The cycle begins with a need. This need can arise from various conditions, such as hunger, thirst, or temperature changes. For instance, when an individual feels cold, their body...


