インドにおける自殺による死亡率:全国的に代表的な調査調査
Vikram Patel1, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, Lakshmi Vijayakumar
1The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 26, 2012
まとめ
インドは自殺による死亡の大きな負担に直面しており,2010年には約18万7000人が死亡しました. これらの死亡の有意な割合,特に若い女性の死亡は,農薬中毒によるもので,公衆衛生介入の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
背景:
- インドでは毎年相当数の自殺者が死亡しており,WHOの推定では17万人に達する.
- インドにおける自殺に関する疫学的な研究は限られているが,さらなる研究が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 2010年のインドにおける自殺による死亡率を定量化する.
- 年齢別および性別別自殺率およびリスク要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 全国代表的な死亡率調査 (2001-2003) を利用し,110万世帯を対象とした.
- 医師は,フィールドレポートに基づいて独立して死亡の原因を割り当てました.
- 自殺による死亡率を予測するために,2010年の国連の人口推定値に対する調査比率を適用した.
主要な成果:
- インドでは2010年に,15歳以上で約18万7000人の自殺者が死亡しました.
- 自殺率は,女性 (17.5/100,000) よりも男性 (26.3/100,000) により高かった.
- 自殺の40~56%は15~29歳の年齢層で発生し,主な原因は農薬中毒でした.
結論:
- インドの自殺死亡率は,世界でもっとも高い水準にある.
- 大人の自殺の有意な割合は,若い成人 (15~29歳),特に女性で行われます.
- 農薬の使用制限を含む公衆衛生戦略は,自殺による死亡を減らすことができる.
関連する概念動画
Actuarial Approach
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Kaplan-Meier Approach
The Kaplan-Meier estimator is a non-parametric method used to estimate the survival function from time-to-event data. In medical research, it is frequently employed to measure the proportion of patients surviving for a certain period after treatment. This estimator is fundamental in analyzing time-to-event data, making it indispensable in clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and reliability engineering. By estimating survival probabilities, researchers can evaluate treatment effectiveness,...
Surveys
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Introduction To Survival Analysis
Survival analysis is a statistical method used to study time-to-event data, where the "event" might represent outcomes like death, disease relapse, system failure, or recovery. A unique feature of survival data is censoring, which occurs when the event of interest has not been observed for some individuals during the study period. This requires specialized techniques to handle incomplete data effectively.
The primary goal of survival analysis is to estimate survival time—the time until a...
The primary goal of survival analysis is to estimate survival time—the time until a...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Cancer Survival Analysis
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
