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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

ヴィスナウイルスの抗原変異.

J V Scott, L Stowring, A T Haase

    Cell
    |October 1, 1979
    PubMed
    まとめ
    この要約は機械生成です。

    ヴィスナウイルスは,そのグリコタンパク質遺伝子の変異によって抗原的変異を起こすが,再結合ではない. これにより,宿主の免疫反応を回避する独特のウイルス変種が生じる.

    さらに関連する動画

    Propagating and Detecting an Infectious Molecular Clone of Maedi-visna Virus that Expresses Green Fluorescent Protein
    08:49

    Propagating and Detecting an Infectious Molecular Clone of Maedi-visna Virus that Expresses Green Fluorescent Protein

    Published on: October 9, 2011

    Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope
    08:09

    Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope

    Published on: March 24, 2017

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

    Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
    18:10

    Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

    Published on: June 16, 2011

    Propagating and Detecting an Infectious Molecular Clone of Maedi-visna Virus that Expresses Green Fluorescent Protein
    08:49

    Propagating and Detecting an Infectious Molecular Clone of Maedi-visna Virus that Expresses Green Fluorescent Protein

    Published on: October 9, 2011

    Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope
    08:09

    Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope

    Published on: March 24, 2017

    科学分野:

    • ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
    • 免疫学 免疫学とは
    • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

    背景:

    • ヴィスナウイルスは,羊にゆっくりと持続的な感染を引き起こします.
    • 抗原的変異は,レンチウイルスにおける免疫逃避の重要なメカニズムである.

    研究 の 目的:

    • ヴィスナウイルスの抗原的変異の遺伝的基礎を調査する.
    • 変異の発生の原因として,変異と再結合を区別する.

    主な方法:

    • 感染した羊からの連続抗原変種 (LV1-1,LV1-4) の分離と特徴付け.
    • 封筒グリコタンパク質 (gp135) とコアタンパク質 (p30,p16,p14) のペプチドマップの比較分析.
    • RNAオリゴヌクレオチドパターンを比較するためにT1リボニュクレアース消化.

    主要な成果:

    • 2つの異なる抗原変種,LV1-1とLV1-4が特定されました.
    • 封筒のグリコタンパク質gp135のみが,変種間のペプチドマップの違いを示した.
    • RNAマップは同一で,gp135のペプチドの断片はわずかしか変更されなかった.
    • gp135は,中和抗体を誘発する免疫主導型ポリペプチドとして特定されました.

    結論:

    • ヴィスナウイルスのグリコプロテイン遺伝子内の変異は,抗原的変異のおそらくの原動力である.
    • ウイルスの他の構成要素の観察された遺伝的安定性から再結合の可能性は低い.
    • このメカニズムを理解することは,効果的なウィスナウイルス制御戦略の開発に不可欠です.