カニダリアンとバイラテリアンにおける条紋筋の独立した進化
Patrick R H Steinmetz1, Johanna E M Kraus, Claire Larroux
1Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Nature
|July 6, 2012
まとめ
条紋筋の進化的起源は,多細胞動物より前のもので,単細胞生物に含まれる主要なタンパク質がある. 異なる動物集団における条紋筋の独立した進化は,単一の共通の祖先ではなく,収束的な発展を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 筋肉の生理学について
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 線状の筋肉は,二重生体といくつかの非二重生体ユーメタゾーンに見られ,構造的な類似性は共通の起源を示唆しています.
- 進化の歴史と,様々な動物群の状筋の進化は,まだ完全に理解されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 条紋筋タンパク質の進化的起源を調査する.
- 条紋筋が収束して進化したのか,それとも単一の共通の祖先から進化したのかを判断する.
- ミオシン重鎖 (MyHC) と関連するタンパク質の多様性を理解する.
主な方法:
- 比較ゲノミクスと系統遺伝学により,様々な動物群の筋肉タンパク質のオルトロジーを特定する.
- MyHCのオルトローグの多様性を研究するためにスポンジの遺伝子発現分析.
- クニダリアンとクテノフォアにおけるタンパク質複合体組成 (チチン,トロポニンなど) の検査.
主要な成果:
- II型ミオシン重鎖 (MyHC) を含む筋肉タンパク質のコアセットは,多細胞動物の起源以前に存在していました.
- MyHCの"筋状の筋肉"と"筋のない筋肉"の異なる発現は,スポンジで観察されました.
- クニダリアンとクテノフォアには線状筋 (MyHC) があるが,チチンやトロポニンなどの二重線状筋の重要な成分が欠け,収束進化を示している.
結論:
- 線状筋肉の進化には,古代の収縮器具に新しいタンパク質を追加することが含まれていた.
- ユーメタゾーン,特にコニダリアン,クテノフォアにおける条紋筋の独立した進化は,収束する進化の経路を強調しています.
- この研究は,複雑な動物の細胞タイプの進化を理解するためのモデルを提供します.
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