避妊と健康について
John Cleland1, Agustin Conde-Agudelo, Herbert Peterson
1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. john.cleland@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|July 13, 2012
まとめ
避妊薬の使用の増加は,予期せぬ妊娠や高リスクの出産を予防することによって,妊婦死亡率を大幅に削減します. 満たされていない避妊のニーズを満たすことで,妊婦の死亡率がさらに30%低下する可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 生殖器保健は,生殖器の健康についてです.
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
背景:
- 妊産婦死亡率は,特に開発途上国において,世界的な健康上の大きな課題であり続けている.
- 予期せぬ妊娠や高リスクの出産は,母子の死亡に大きく寄与しています.
- 不安全な中絶は,妊産婦死亡の主な原因である.
研究 の 目的:
- 開発途上国における妊産婦死亡率に対する避妊薬の使用の増加の影響を評価する.
- 予期せぬ妊娠の減少に起因する母死亡率の減少を定量化する.
- 避妊の未充足のニーズに対処することによって,妊婦死亡率をさらに削減する可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 過去20年間の避妊薬使用傾向と妊産婦死亡率の分析.
- 予期せぬ妊娠の減少によって回避された母死亡の割合の推定.
- 避妊薬の使用が,高リスク妊娠および不安全な中絶に与える影響の評価.
主要な成果:
- 避妊薬の使用の増加は,予期せぬ妊娠を減少させることで,20年間で母子の死亡率を40%減少させました.
- 避妊は,高リスク妊娠や不安全な中絶を予防することで,母子の死亡率を26%低下させました.
- 避妊の未満たされたニーズを満たすことで,さらに30%の妊婦死亡が回避できる.
結論:
- 現代の避妊薬の使用は,関連するリスクを上回る女性の健康に重大な利益をもたらします.
- 避妊は,妊娠間隔を長引くことで,胎内での結果と子供の生存率を改善します.
- 家族計画に関する満たされていないニーズに対処することは,母子死亡率のさらなる削減を達成するために極めて重要です.
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