身体活動の相関関係:なぜ,ある人は身体的に活発で,ある人はそうでないのか?
Adrian E Bauman1, Rodrigo S Reis, James F Sallis
1Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Sydney University, NSW, Australia. adrian.bauman@sydney.edu.au
Lancet (London, England)
|July 24, 2012
まとめ
身体活動に影響を与える要因を理解することは,世界的に非伝染性疾患の予防の鍵です. 研究は,身体活動レベルに関連する個人,環境,遺伝的要因を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 行動科学は,行動科学である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 身体的活動不足は,世界的に非伝染性疾患 (NCD) の主要な危険因子であり,特に高所得国,そして低所得国および中所得国 (LMICs) で増加しています.
- 効果的な公衆衛生介入には,身体活動の相関関係 (関連因子) と決定因子 (因果因子) の理解が必要です.
- これまでの研究は,主に高所得者層における個人レベルの要因に焦点を当てていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 身体活動の相関関係と決定因子の現在の理解をレビューする.
- 身体不活性を理解する上で,生態学的モデルと新興研究分野の重要性を強調する.
- 世界的なNCD予防を伝えるためにLMICの研究の必要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- 身体活動の相関関係と決定因子に関する研究の文献レビュー.
- 個人レベルの要因 (年齢,性別,健康状態,自己効能,動機付け) を含む.
- 社会的および物理的な環境要因 (都市計画,交通,公園) を含む生態学的モデルの検討.
- 遺伝的,進化的,および肥満に関連する決定因子を含む新しい研究領域の探索,および身体活動の縦断的な追跡.
主要な成果:
- 年齢,性別,健康状態,自己効能,モチベーションなどの個々の要因は,身体活動のレベルと関連しています.
- 生態学的モデルは,より広範な社会的および物理的な環境が身体的非活動に及ぼす影響を実証しています.
- 新興の研究では,遺伝的傾向,進化的要因,肥満,およびライフコース追跡が関連する決定因子であると特定しています.
結論:
- 身体活動の相関関係と決定因子の包括的な理解は,効果的な公衆衛生介入の設計に不可欠です.
- LMICに研究を拡大し,生態学的および新しい決定因子を組み込むことは,世界的なNCD予防に不可欠です.
- 身体不活性に対処するには,個人,環境,生物学的要因を考慮した多面的なアプローチが必要です.
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