熱帯雨林保護区における生物多様性の崩壊を回避する
William F Laurance1, D Carolina Useche, Julio Rendeiro
1Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia. bill.laurance@jcu.edu.au
Nature
|July 27, 2012
まとめ
熱帯雨林の破壊は,世界の生物多様性を脅かしています. いくつかの保護区は種を保護していますが,多くの保護区は生息地の破壊と搾取により生物多様性の損失に直面しており,周囲の生息地の保全の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- 熱帯雨林の破壊は,世界の生物多様性に対する主要な脅威です.
- 保護区は重要な避難場所ですが,侵攻と環境ストレスに直面しています.
- これらの保護区の長期的な生物多様性維持能力の評価は不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 20~30年後の生物多様性の保全における熱帯保護区の有効性を評価する.
- これらの保護区内および周辺の生物多様性変化の主要な要因を特定する.
- 保護区とその周辺の景観との生態学的つながりを理解する.
主な方法:
- 31種の機能群と21の環境要因に関する包括的なデータセットをまとめました.
- 世界的に60の保護区で20~30年にわたる変化を分析した.
- 内部および外部環境の変化と相関するリザーブの健康状態.
主要な成果:
- 保護区の"健康"に大きな変化が観察され,約半分が有効で,他の半分は生物多様性の広範な侵食を示しています.
- 生息地の破壊,狩猟,森林生産物の搾取は,保護区の健康状態の低下を予測する重要な要因である.
- 保護区の外の環境の変化は,保護区内の変化を反映し,その生態学的運命に大きく影響します.
結論:
- 熱帯保護区は,周囲の生息地と生態学的に絡み合っています.
- 効果的な保全には,保護区の境内と境外にある脅威に対処することが必要である.
- 周辺の景観を保護しないことは,保護区における生物多様性の減少を悪化させる可能性が高い.
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