カクコウは,羽毛ポリモルフィズムでのの宿主の社会的に伝染する防御と戦います
Rose Thorogood1, Nicholas B Davies
1Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. rt303@cam.ac.uk
まとめ
ソーシャル・ラーニングは,宿主が特定の敵の形態を認識することによって,普通のカクヨウ (Cuculus canorus) に対して防御するのを助けます. この周波数に依存する防御は,カクヨウの羽毛の多形性の進化を駆動し,模倣と逃避を助けます.
科学分野:
- 行動生態学 行動生態学
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 動物のコミュニケーション 動物のコミュニケーション
背景:
- 個人の経験は,捕食者-獲物,宿主-寄生虫の相互作用における防御を強化します.
- 社会情報はまた,脅威について個人に知らせ,防衛戦略に影響を与えることができます.
- 防御は,敵の変形周波数に関する社会的情報に依存している場合,ポリモルフィズムが進化する可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 社会的学習が宿主の防御を,繁殖寄生虫のコモン・クックオに対してどのように影響するかを調査する.
- 社会的学習がカクヨウの形状に特異的であるかどうかを判断するために,観察した.
- キュキュの羽毛ポリモルフィズムを選択する際の周波数依存社会情報の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- ホストが異なる共通のカクヨウ変形体にさらされる実験的操作.
- ホストの反応と防御行動の観察.
- 観察されたカカカオの形状に基づいて,社会的学習の特異性の分析.
主要な成果:
- ホストは,隣人からの社会的ヒントを通して,一般的なカクヨウを識別し,防御することを学びます.
- 防御の社会的学習は,隣の群衆であるカクヨウの形状に特異的です.
- この形状特異的な社会的学習は,周波数依存の選択を生み出し,カクヨウの羽毛の多形性を好む.
結論:
- 社会学習は,子育て寄生虫に対する宿主の防御に重要な役割を果たします.
- 周波数に依存する社会情報は,寄生虫のミミクリとポリモルフィズムの進化を促す.
- 個人的な経験と社会的学習の両方が,宿主-寄生虫の相互作用を形作る選択圧力に寄与する.
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