人口が食事,運動,喫煙習慣を改善するアプローチ:アメリカ心臓協会の科学的声明
Circulation
|August 22, 2012
まとめ
ダイエット,運動,禁煙などの生活習慣を改善するには,証拠に基づいた戦略が必要です. このレビューでは,健康的な習慣を促進し,予防可能な病気を減らすために,6つの領域で効果的な人口アプローチを特定しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 行動科学は,行動科学である.
- 健康政策 保健政策 保健政策
背景:
- 悪いライフスタイル (ダイエット,運動不足,喫煙) は,予防可能な世界的な病気の主要な原因です.
- 人口レベルでの小さなリスク削減でさえ,健康上の結果に著しく影響を与えます.
- ライフスタイルの改善のための最適な人口レベルの戦略は,依然として不明確です.
研究 の 目的:
- 食生活を改善し,身体的活動を増加させ,たばこの使用を減らすために,人口レベルでの効果的な戦略のための証拠を体系的にレビューし,格付けする.
- より広範な実施のために,証拠に基づいた介入を特定する.
- 効果的なアプローチについて,政策立案者および利害関係者に情報を提供すること.
主な方法:
- 集団アプローチの体系的なレビューとエビデンス格付け.
- メディア/教育,ラベル付け,経済的インセンティブ,学校/職場,環境,制限など6つの分野における戦略の評価.
- 医療および監視システムへの貢献を考慮する.
主要な成果:
- すべての6つの領域で強力な勧告 (クラスI/IIa,グレードA/B) を伴う,エビデンスに基づいた特定の集団介入を特定しました.
- 食事の改善,身体活動の増強,タバコの使用の削減のための効果的な戦略が見つかりました.
- より堅固な証拠,矛盾,さらなる研究を必要とするギャップが少ない領域を強調した.
結論:
- ライフスタイルの変化のためのエビデンスベースの,人口レベルの戦略の枠組みが特定されています.
- この証拠を行動に移すには,新しいイニシアチブとパートナーシップが必要です.
- 利害関係者は,これらの発見を使用して,効果的な公衆衛生介入を実施することができます.
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