生物学的カリウム塩粒子は,アマゾンの二次有機エアロゾールの種子として使用されています
Christopher Pöhlker1, Kenia T Wiedemann, Bärbel Sinha
1Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55020, Germany. c.pohlker@mpic.de
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 1, 2012
まとめ
雲の形成に不可欠なアマゾンの空気の微細粒子は,バイオタから放出される塩粒子から発生します. これらは有機エアロゾールの成長に種を蒔き,雲の微物理と降雨に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 大気化学 大気化学
- クラウド物理学 クラウド物理
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
背景:
- 純粋なアマゾンの熱帯雨林の空気には,微細粒子が含まれており,主に二次有機エアロゾールで,雲の凝縮核として作用します.
- これらのエアロゾールの形成メカニズムは,大気中に新しい粒子の形成が観察されていないため,不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- アマゾンの熱帯雨林における二次有機エアロゾールの起源と形成経路を調査する.
- 雲の凝縮核形成における生物学的塩粒子の役割とその雲の特性への影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- アマゾンの熱帯雨林における大気粒子組成の分析.
- バイオタから放出されるカリウム塩に富んだ粒子の役割に関する調査.
- 種子粒子の上に有機化合物の凝縮をモデリングする.
主要な成果:
- 原始的なアマゾンの空気中の二次有機エアロゾールは,主にバイオタからのカリウム塩に富んだ粒子によって開始されます.
- これらの塩粒子は,イソプレンとテルペンの酸化産物を含む揮発性有機化合物の凝縮の種として機能します.
- 生物学的塩粒子の排出は,雲の凝縮核の濃度に直接影響を与えます.
結論:
- 生物学的塩粒子の主要な排出は,アマゾンの二次有機エアロゾール形成の重要な経路である.
- このプロセスは,熱帯雨林の上の雲の形成と降雨パターンを含む雲の微物理に影響を与えます.
関連する概念動画
00:49Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
03:46Qualitative Analysis
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
For instance, group IV...
02:33Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte
Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
01:22The Sulfur Cycle
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
01:16Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
01:14The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.