関連する実験動画
Updated: May 19, 2026

11:41
Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
Published on: May 19, 2014
キュウリ・テンドリルがどのように巻き上げられ,風が吹いてくるか
Sharon J Gerbode1, Joshua R Puzey, Andrew G McCormick
1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
まとめ
植物のひもは,アシンメトリックな細胞収縮による巻き巻きであり,解き放たれていない. これらの特殊な構造は,独特の機械的性質を示し,ダーウィンの観測からインスピレーションを得て,調節可能な応答を持つ,回転のないスプリングとして作用します.
科学分野:
- 植物生物学 植物生物学
- バイオメカニクス バイオメカニクス
- マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
背景:
- 植物の軟骨の渦巻きは長い間科学者を魅了してきたが,チャールズ・ダーウィンは,それらは柔らかい泉のように作用することを提案した.
- コイリングの正確なメカニズムと,タントリルの機械的性質は,ほとんど未知のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 螺旋型の骨の巻きの細胞的および機械的基礎を解明する.
- の機械的振る舞いを定量化し,ダーウィンの仮説と比較する.
- ツイストレススプリングのバイオミメティック応用の可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 実験はキュウリ (Cucumis sativus) のひもに実施した.
- 機械的な試験には,抽出した繊維のリボンと,張力下で老いたトランクルが含まれていました.
- 分析には,前処理ゴムの物理モデル,幾何学的な引数,および弾性フィラメントモデルが使用されました.
主要な成果:
- の巻きは,内部細胞繊維のリボンによる非対称な収縮によって引き起こされます.
- 張力下では,ひもや繊維リボンには,解き放たれではなく,ひねりなしのオーバーウィンドリングが表れます.
- 柔らかな初期反応は,より高い拡張で重要なストレスの硬化へと移行する.
結論:
- この研究は,の巻く背後の細胞メカニズムを明らかにしています.
- 機械的行動は,ダーウィンの柔らかい泉の仮説と整合し,定量化しています.
- 発見は,新しいバイオミメティック・トウィストレス・スプリングの設計を提案しており,その性質は調整可能である.
関連する概念動画
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
The Contractile Ring
Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
The Contractile Ring
Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids
As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids
As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...

