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海洋微生物によるメチルフォスフォン酸の合成:エアロビック海洋におけるメタンの源
William W Metcalf1, Benjamin M Griffin, Robert M Cicchillo
1Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. metcalf@uiuc.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 1, 2012
まとめ
海の微生物はメチルフォスフォナートを作り出すことができ,これは自然界でこれまで知られていなかった化合物です. この発見は,メタンパラドックスとして知られる海洋メタン過飽和の謎に対する潜在的な解決策を提供します.
科学分野:
- マリン・マイクロバイオロジー
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- エアロビック海洋は,強力な温室効果ガスであるメタンで過飽和しているが,その海洋的な源は不明である.
- 提案された説明は,メチルフォスフォン酸が微生物によって分解されるというものであるが,メチルフォスフォン酸は既知の天然産物ではなく,その合成は生化学的に説明できない.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋微生物におけるメチルフォスフォナートの潜在的な生物合成を調査する.
- メチルフォスフォナート生産が海洋メタンパラドックスを説明できるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 海洋アーケオンであるNitrosopumilus maritimusのゲノム解析により,メチルフォスフォナート合成に関与する遺伝子を特定した.
- メタゲノミクス分析は,海洋微生物のコミュニティにおける重要な遺伝子の流行を評価するためのものです.
主要な成果:
- Nitrosopumilus maritimusはメチルフォスフォナート生物合成の経路を有し,メチルフォスフォナートエステルを産生する.
- この経路における重要な遺伝子は,海洋メタゲノムデータに豊富に含まれており,広範な能力を示唆しています.
結論:
- Nitrosopumilus maritimusを含む海洋微生物は,メチルフォスフォナートを合成することができます.
- 海洋微生物によるメチルフォスフォナートの生物合成は,海洋メタンの信憑性の高い源泉を提供し,メタンパラドックスを解決します.
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