細胞はどのようにして臓器細胞の大きさを把握するのか
Yee-Hung M Chan1, Wallace F Marshall
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. yhmchan@ucsf.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 8, 2012
まとめ
細胞は,様々な感知メカニズムを使用して,臓器の大きさを正確に制御します. これらの戦略は,フラジェラで観察され,正常およびストレス条件下でのオーガネルの寸法に適応し,より広範な細胞生物学研究のための洞察を提供します.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- オルガネルダイナミクス オルガネルダイナミクス
背景:
- 細胞は,臓器細胞の大きさを調節する複雑なメカニズムを持っています.
- 臓器細胞のサイズ制御は,細胞の機能と適応に不可欠です.
- 既存の知識は,直接リポーターから機能的な読み取りまで,さまざまな感知戦略を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 細胞器官のサイズ感知メカニズムに関する現在の理解をレビューし,統合する.
- これらのメカニズムが正常な状態とストレス状態でどのように機能するか探求する.
- より広範な臓器生物学のためのフラゲラ研究から得られた洞察を強調する.
主な方法:
- オーガネルのサイズ制御に関する既存の研究の文献レビューと合成.
- 様々な臓器細胞のサイズ感知機構に焦点を当てた研究の分析.
- サイズ規制の原則の比較分析,特にフラジェラで明らかにされた原則.
主要な成果:
- 臓器の大きさは,レポーターによる直接的な測定と,間接的な機能的な読み取りによって調整されます.
- サイズ制御メカニズムは,細胞が正常な生理的状態とストレス状態の両方に適応するために使用します.
- フラゲラは,臓器のサイズ感知と制御の基本原理を解剖するためのモデルシステムとして機能します.
結論:
- 細胞器官の大きさの調節は,さまざまな感知と制御戦略を含む複雑なプロセスです.
- フラゲラで示されるこれらのメカニズムを理解することは,細胞の適応と機能を理解する鍵です.
- 将来の研究では,これらの原理を拡張して,他の細胞器官におけるサイズ制御を明らかにする可能性が高い.
関連する概念動画
01:22Cell Size
Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding the cells limits the...
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding the cells limits the...
02:36Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation
Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
01:13Cell Diversity
The concept of a cell started with microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by Robert Hooke in 1665. Hooke coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe the living and moving cells under a microscope. In the century that followed, the theory that cells represented the basic unit of life developed.
Multicellular organisms...
Multicellular organisms...
02:33Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content
Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...
01:15What are Cells?
Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium, or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...
01:07What are Cells?
Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...