普遍的な健康保険への移行:アフリカとアジアの9つの発展途上国における健康保険改革
Gina Lagomarsino1, Alice Garabrant, Atikah Adyas
1Results for Development Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA. glagomarsino@resultsfordevelopment.org
Lancet (London, England)
|September 11, 2012
まとめ
アフリカとアジアの9カ国で実施された国民健康保険改革は,医療保険の普及に向けての進展を示しており,登録者数も増加し,給付も拡大している. しかし,効果的な政策調整には共通の指標が必要である.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 保健システムの強化
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
背景:
- 低・中所得国は,国民医療保険改革を実施しています.
- 改革は,普遍的な健康保険 (UHC) を実現することを目指しています.
研究 の 目的:
- アフリカとアジア9カ国の医療保険改革を分析する.
- カバレッジ・ボックス・フレームワークを使用してUHCに向けた進展を評価する.
- 改革構造と成果におけるパターンと傾向を特定する.
主な方法:
- アフリカとアジアの9つの低所得国と中低所得国の分析.
- 医療システム機能の枠組みの適用 (収益,プーリング,購入).
- カバレッジ・ボックス・フレームワークを用いた評価 (誰が,どのようなサービス,コストカバー).
主要な成果:
- 改革は,税収を補助金に利用し,リスクプールを拡大する.
- サービス購入には,需要側資金メカニズムが強調されています.
- 傾向としては,政府の医療保険加入率の増加,給付拡大,自費支出削減などがある.
- 自費支出の減少と政府の保健支出の増加が観察されました.
結論:
- 国民医療保険改革は,さまざまなアプローチを示しているが,UHCに向けた共通の傾向を示している.
- 改革はアーキタイプに完璧に合わないが,国別の適応は明らかである.
- 共通で比較可能な指標の開発は,政策評価とUHC改革の中間修正に不可欠です.
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