非伝染病は予防できるのか? 集団や個人の研究から得られる教訓
1MRC-HPA, Centre for Environment and Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK. majid.ezzati@imperial.ac.uk
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 22, 2012
まとめ
非伝染性疾患は,世界の死亡者の3分の2の原因となっている. 効果的な予防戦略には,たばことアルコールのコントロール,より健康的な食事,主要なリスク要因を減らすためにアクセシブルなプライマリケアが含まれます.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 健康政策 保健政策 保健政策
背景:
- がんや心臓病のような非伝染性疾患 (NCD) は,世界の死亡者数の3分の2の原因となり,低所得国や中所得国に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼしています.
- 主要な危険因子に対処することによって,NCDを予防するための効果的な政策と戦略が不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 非伝染性疾患の大規模予防のための証拠に基づいた戦略を概説する.
- 世界的に主要なNCDリスク要因を標的とした重要な介入を強調する.
主な方法:
- NCDの危険因子減少のための効果的な公衆衛生介入のレビュー.
- 税制,規制,公共教育,および初等医療統合を含む政策レバーの分析.
主要な成果:
- 全面的なタバコとアルコール規制措置 (税金,販売/広告規制) が有効である.
- 規制と教育 (塩分,不健康な脂肪,砂糖を減らす;果物,野菜,全粒穀物を増やす) を通して食事の変更は極めて重要です.
- 危険因子や前駆性感染症に対する臨床的介入を統合した普遍的なプライマリケアシステムは不可欠です.
結論:
- 政策,教育,医療を組み合わせた多面的なアプローチの実施は,広範囲にわたるNCDの予防に不可欠です.
- 臨床ケアと並行して,食品の利用可能性と手頃な価格の改善を通じて,健康の社会経済的決定因子に対処することは,NCDの負担を減らすための鍵です.
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