病気を予防するために人間の行動を変えること:自動プロセスをターゲットにすることの重要性
Theresa M Marteau1, Gareth J Hollands, Paul C Fletcher
1Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK. theresa.marteau@medschl.cam.ac.uk
まとめ
多くの病気は,過食や喫煙などの不健康な行動に起因する. 意識的な反省ではなく,自動的な行動に焦点を当てた介入は,病気の予防により効果的かもしれません.
科学分野:
- 行動科学は,行動科学である.
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 健康心理学 健康心理学について
背景:
- 重要な世界的な病気の負担は,過食,喫煙,過剰なアルコール消費,身体不活性などの不健康な行動から生じる.
- 個人はしばしばこれらの行動を有害なものとして認識しますが,否定的な結果に直面しても,それらの行動に固執します.
研究 の 目的:
- 健康関連の行動の反射的ではなく,自動的な基盤をターゲットとした介入の効果を提案し,探求する.
- 病気の予防のための自動的な行動プロセスを修正することを目的とした介入の評価のための方法を提案する.
主な方法:
- 行動変化の介入と人間の行動の自動性に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
- 自動的な行動プロセスが,しばしば環境のシグナルによって引き起こされ,多くの健康を損なう行動の基礎となっていることを提案する概念的枠組み.
- これらの自動プロセスをターゲットとする潜在的な介入戦略の議論.
主要な成果:
- 現在の介入は,しばしば意識的な反省に依存しており,それは多くの根付いた行動に対して無効であることが証明されています.
- 人間の行動の多くは,意識的な思考から独立して自動的に動作し,環境刺激によって引き起こされます.
結論:
- 行動の自動的基盤に対処する介入は,効果的な病気予防のためのより有望な道を提供することができます.
- 自動行動プロセスをターゲットとした介入の有効性と実施を決定するために,さらなる研究と評価が必要である.
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