ナイジェリアの幼児死亡率の減少:2015年のカントリーケーススタディへのカウントダウン
Agbessi Amouzou1, Oumarou Habi, Khaled Bensaïd
1Institute for International Programs, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. aamouzou@jhsph.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|September 25, 2012
まとめ
ナイジェリアは,ミレニアム開発目標4の目標を超えて,幼児死亡率を大幅に削減しました. 昆虫駆除剤で処理されたベッドネットや改善された栄養などの重要な介入により,2009年に約59,000人の命が救われました.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
- 公共衛生の介入 公共衛生の介入
背景:
- ミレニアム開発目標4は,2015年までに子どもの死亡率を3分の2削減することを目指していた.
- ニジェールは,西アフリカの隣国と比較して,幼児死亡率の減少と介入範囲の大幅な進展を示した.
- 1998年から2009年にかけてのニジェールの児童生存プログラムに関する詳細な分析が行われました.
研究 の 目的:
- 1998年から2009年にかけてのニジェールの児童生存プログラムの有効性を分析する.
- 研究期間中の幼児死亡率と介入範囲を推定する.
- 2009年の特定児童生存介入によって救われた命を定量化する.
主な方法:
- 2010年世帯調査データ (1998年 - 2009年) を用いて,新生児と新生児死亡率の推定値を開発した.
- 8つの全国的に代表的な調査を用いて,介入の範囲を再計算した.
- 2009年に救われた命を推定するために,Lives Saved Tool (LiST) を利用しました.
主要な成果:
- 幼児死亡率は,生児1000人当たり226人から128人に減少した (年間5.1%減少).
- 発育不全の発生率はわずかに減少し,衰えは約50%減少した.
- 2009年には約59,000人の命が救われましたが,主な貢献は,殺虫剤で処理されたベッドネット (25%) と栄養改善 (19%) でした.
結論:
- 普遍的なアクセスと無料の保健医療を促進する政府の政策は極めて重要でした.
- 分散型栄養プログラムは,幼児死亡率の減少に重要な役割を果たしました.
- ナイジェリアの進歩は,ミレニアム開発目標4の目標を達成するために必要なペースを超えました.
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