花粉のDNAメチル化の再プログラミングは,小RNA経由で表遺伝子遺伝を誘導する
Joseph P Calarco1, Filipe Borges, Mark T A Donoghue
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11724, USA.
Cell
|September 25, 2012
まとめ
植物は,哺乳類とは異なり,生殖系においてDNAメチル化を保持しています. 小型RNAは,植物生殖細胞におけるDNAメチル化回復を誘導し,遺伝とトランポゾンサイレンシングに影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 植物生物学 植物生物学
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- エピジェネティック継承は,生殖系再プログラミングの違いのために,哺乳類よりも植物でより一般的です.
- 植物の生殖細胞における表遺伝的再プログラムを理解することは,遺伝パターンを理解するために極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 開発中の植物花粉におけるDNAメチル化パターンを調査するために.
- 植物繁殖中の表遺伝的再プログラムにおける小RNAの役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 三つのハプロイド細胞のメチローム配列化:精子,植物性,およびマイクロスポー.
- DNAメチル化 (CG,CHG,CHH) と小RNAプロフィールの分析.
主要な成果:
- 植物の生殖系は,哺乳類とは異なり,CGとCHGのDNAメチル化を保持しています.
- CHHメチル化は,微胞と精子細胞のレトロトランポゾンから失われます.
- 24ntの小さな干渉RNAは,DNAメチルトランスフェラーゼを誘導し,植物核と胚におけるCHHメチル化を復元する.
- DEMETER (DME) と SILENCING 1 (ROS1) のレプレッサーの同類体は,植物の核におけるCGメチル化損失を媒介し,インプリントされた場所に影響を与えます.
結論:
- 植物花粉におけるゲノム再プログラミングは,表遺伝子遺伝,トランポゾン静音化,インプリントに不可欠である.
- 小型RNAは,植物生殖細胞における表遺伝的再プログラミングを誘導する上で重要な役割を果たします.
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