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発酵,水素,および硫黄の代謝は,多種多様な培養されていない細菌群で起こります

Kelly C Wrighton¹, Brian C Thomas, Itai Sharon

¹Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 29, 2012

まとめ

研究者は,培養されていない無酸素細菌 (BD1-5,OP11,OD1) と新しい系統 (PER) の代謝機能を発見しました. これらのバクテリアは炭素を発酵させ,水素生成と硫黄循環において重要な役割を果たす可能性がある.

科学分野:

微生物学微生物学とは
メタゲノミクスとは
バイオジオケミストリーバイオジオケミストリー

背景:

バクテリア族BD1-5,OP11,OD1のメンバーは,無酸素環境では一般的だが,その代謝的役割は,限られた栽培とゲノムデータのために十分に理解されていない.
これらのバクテリアの代謝を理解することは,無酸素生態系の機能を理解するために不可欠です.

研究の目的:

フィルアBD1-5,OP11,OD1.1の培養されていない細菌の代謝経路と生態学的役割を解明する.
新しく特定された細菌系 (PER) とその代謝能力の特徴を特定する.

主な方法:

アセテット改変水層から49の部分的またはほぼ完全な細菌ゲノムを培養から独立して回収.
発酵,炭素固定,エネルギー保存経路を含む代謝機能を予測するためのゲノム分析.

主要な成果:

分析されたすべてのバクテリアは,主に発酵を利用する非呼吸性無酸素生物であると予測されました.
3つのグループは,AMP救済と組み合わせたCO2固定のための新しい古物のようなハイブリッドリブローゼ-1,5-ビスホスファートカルボキシラーゼ-酸素酶 (RuBisCO) を所有しています.
OD1フィラムのメンバーは硫黄を減少させ,プロトンポンプのためにアーカイアル型水素生成物を潜在的に利用することが判明しました.
UGAのストップコドンは,研究した6つの生物でトリプトファンに変換されます.
PER系統が特定され,その代謝特性も明らかにされました.

結論:

これらの発見は,バクテリアの新しいRuBisCO経路を含む,以前未知の無酸素細菌の代謝戦略を明らかにしています.
研究されたバクテリアは,水素の生産,硫黄の循環,および反逆的な堆積炭の発酵に大きく貢献している可能性が高い.
この研究は,微生物のダークマターとその無酸素環境における役割についての理解を広げています.

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