初期のカンブリア紀の節足類における複雑な脳と視野葉
Xiaoya Ma1, Xianguang Hou, Gregory D Edgecombe
1Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China. x.ma@nhm.ac.uk
Nature
|October 13, 2012
まとめ
特別なカンブリア化石は,初期の節足類の複雑な脳を明らかにし,以前の進化モデルに挑戦しています. この発見は,節足類の神経系の進化と行動を理解するための重要な化石の証拠を提供します.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
背景:
- 節足類の進化的関係を理解することは,神経系データに大きく依存しています.
- 神経組織の化石保存は稀であり,早期の節足類の感覚および運動能力に関する洞察を制限しています.
- 初期の節足類の神経系に関する以前の分析は,外部の特徴に焦点を当てていた.
研究 の 目的:
- カンブリア紀の幹群の節足類Fuxianhuia protensaの神経解剖を調査する.
- 節足類の神経系進化の説得力のある化石証拠を提供すること.
- 昆虫の脳の祖先状態に関する議論を解決するために.
主な方法:
- Fuxianhuia protensa.で化石化した神経組織 (脳と視野葉) の例外的な保存
- 光学センター,デウトセレブラム,トリトセレブラムを含む神経解剖学的構造の詳細な分析.
- 現存する節足類群 (Malacostraca,Insecta,Branchiopoda) と比較神経解剖学的分析を行った.
主要な成果:
- Fuxianhuia protensaは,現存するMalacostracaとInsectaに類似した3つの内蔵光学センターを持つ三部分のプレストモデアル脳を示しています.
- デウト・セレブラムは,アンテナ神経によって神経化され,トリト・セレブラムの成分が特定されています.
- 初期の節足類におけるこの複雑な脳構造は,洗練された視覚的行動が可能であったことを示唆している.
- フクシアンホイアの神経解剖学はクラディスティック分析を支持し,ブランキオポダはマラコストラカンのような祖先から進化し,その後脳が簡素化されたことを示している.
結論:
- Fuxianhuia protensaの複雑な脳は,複雑な神経系が初期の分断した節足類に存在していたことを示しています.
- この化石の証拠は,ヘクサポダのより単純な祖先状態を示唆する分子分析に異議を唱える.
- 複雑な脳の初期の進化は,カンブリア紀の節足類に多機能的な視覚的行動をもたらした可能性が高い.
関連する概念動画
Neurulation
43.7K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
43.7K
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II
3.2K
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
3.2K
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I
3.6K
The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
3.6K
Lobes of the Cerebrum
2.6K
The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
2.6K
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
3.6K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
3.6K
Lampbrush Chromosomes
8.3K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
8.3K


