果糖受容体は,ドロソフィラの脳内の栄養センサーとして機能する

Tetsuya Miyamoto¹, Jesse Slone, Xiangyu Song

¹Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA.

Cell

|November 27, 2012

まとめ

味覚受容体43a (Gr43a) は,味覚神経と脳における果糖センサーとして作用する. この受容体は,ヘモリンパのフルークトースレベルを感知することによって,ハエの餌の行動を調節する.

科学分野:

神経科学は神経科学である.
感覚生物学感覚生物学について
昆虫生理学昆虫生理学とは

背景:

栄養素の内部感知は,食事の行動の調節に不可欠です.
栄養素,特に砂糖の検出の基礎となる分子機構は,ほとんど不明のままである.
味覚受容体 (Gr) は,様々な化学物質を検出することが知られているが,内部栄養素感知におけるその役割はあまり探求されていない.

研究の目的:

内部の果糖センサーの分子成分を特定するために.
フルクトースのレベルが食事行動に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
栄養素感知における味覚受容体43a (Gr43a) の役割を調査する.

主な方法:

ニューロンの活動を監視するためのカルシウム (Ca2+) 画像検査.
餌への反応を評価するために,ハエの行動分析.
特定のニューロンにおけるGr43aの発現と活性を操作する.

主要な成果:

Gr43aは,味覚神経と脳の両方で果糖受容体として機能します.
血液リンパの果糖レベルは,栄養状態と相関し,脳Gr43aを活性化します.
Gr43aは,血リンパ果糖を感知するのに必要で十分であり,飢えたハエの餌を促し,飽きたハエの餌を抑制します.

結論:

脳内の Gr43a を発現するニューロンは,フルクトースの栄養分センサーとして機能します.
このシステムにより,飽和度に依存した食事行動の調節が可能になります.
発見は,行動に影響を与える内部栄養素感知のための新しいメカニズムを明らかにします.

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