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ワニの頭皮は発達単位ではなく,物理的な裂け目から生じるものです
Michel C Milinkovitch1, Liana Manukyan, Adrien Debry
1Laboratory of Artificial and Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. michel.milinkovitch@unige.ch
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 1, 2012
まとめ
ワニの顔とのは,他の胎児ののように遺伝的に決定されていません. 代わりに,それらは,機械的ストレスによる皮膚の亀裂の物理的自己組織化プロセスを通じて形成されます.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 進化的発達生物学 進化的発達生物学
- バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
背景:
- アムニオットは,羽毛,毛,など,様々なケラチニズされた皮膚の付属体を発達させる.
- これらの付属体の空間的なパターンは,遺伝的に制御された発達単位と反応拡散機構 (RDM) によってしばしば調節されます.
- ワニの,特に体上のは,一般的にこれらの発達パターンに従っていると考えられています.
研究 の 目的:
- ワニの顔とのスケールの発達の起源を調査する.
- これらのスケールが,他のアムニオットに見られる典型的なRDMベースのパターンに従っているか,または異なるメカニズムから発生しているかどうかを判断する.
- この特定の地域におけるスケール形成に関与する物理的,機械的要因を解明する.
主な方法:
- 胎児の系統におけるスケール発達の比較分析.
- 胚性ワニの皮膚構造の顕微鏡検査.
- 発達中の顔との組織の機械的ストレス分析.
- 物理的な自己組織化のプロセスのモデリング.
主要な成果:
- ワニの顔とのは,高度にケラチニズされた皮膚のランダムな多角領域である.
- これらのスケールは,遺伝的に制御された発達ユニットまたはRDMから生じません.
- スケール形成は,物理的な自己組織化ストキャスティックプロセスの結果である: 機械的ストレス下では,発達中の皮膚が割れること.
- 胚性ワニのと顔の骨格の急速な成長は,高度にケラチニズされた皮膚と組み合わせて,割れに必要なストレスを生み出します.
結論:
- ワニのと顔のスケールの発達は,他の乳芽類と比較して独特の進化と発達の経路を表しています.
- 機械的ストレスとクラッキングによる物理的自己組織化は,この特定の解剖学的領域におけるスケールパターニングの重要なメカニズムです.
- この発見は,生体組織構造の形成における生体力学的力の役割を強調しています.
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