動物病の生態学:自然史と非自然史
William B Karesh1, Andy Dobson, James O Lloyd-Smith
1EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001, USA. karesh@ecohealthalliance.org
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2012
まとめ
動物と人間の間で共有される動物性感染症は,世界中で重大な病気と死を引き起こす. 生態学的要因を統合した"ワンヘルス"アプローチは,将来のアウトブレイクを防ぐために極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- "ワン・ヘルス・ワン・ヘルス"
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 人間の感染症の60%以上は,動物病原体 (動物性感染症) から発生する.
- エンデミック性動物性動物病と動物性動物性動物性動物病は,毎年約10億人の人の病気と何百万人もの人の死亡を引き起こします.
- 新興の動物性感染症は,世界的な健康上の脅威を増加させ,実質的な経済的損害を引き起こしています.
研究 の 目的:
- 動物性感染症の生態学的起源を見直す.
- 人間の活動が動物性感染症の動態にどのように影響するかを分析する.
- 動物性感染症の予防と制御のための統合戦略を提案する.
主な方法:
- 病原体生態学と動物性感染症の発生に関する文献レビュー.
- 人間と動物の病原体交換に影響を与える人為的要因の分析.
- 疾病管理のためのワンヘルス原則の統合.
主要な成果:
- 動物性感染症は,人間の活動によって増幅された自然病原体生態系から生じます.
- 動物の生産,資源の抽出,および抗菌剤の使用は,病気への曝露を変化させます.
- 現在の傾向は,動物性感染症のリスクを軽減するための全体的なアプローチを必要とします.
結論:
- 効果的な動物性感染症の予防には,生態学的,進化的,医学的な観点を統合する必要があります.
- 政策と実践の発展には,広範で証拠に基づいたアプローチが不可欠である.
- 医療コミュニティを超えた協力は,健康の成果を改善し,病気の脅威を減らすために不可欠です.
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