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新興のベクトル媒介動物性感染症の原動力,ダイナミクス,制御
A Marm Kilpatrick1, Sarah E Randolph
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. akilpatr@ucsc.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2012
まとめ
新興のベクトル媒介性疾患は,世界的な健康上の懸念が高まっています. 生息地の変化と人間の活動により,旅行による導入と異なる,地元の病原菌の拡散が進み,新しい制御戦略が必要になります.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 病気の生態学 病気の生態学
背景:
- 媒介性感染症は,発生率と地理的広がりの増加により,世界的な健康上の大きな課題を提起しています.
- 病原体の出現は,しばしば固有の病気の広がりとは異なるものとして見られているが,局所的な広がりは,しばしば生息地の変化と結びついている.
研究 の 目的:
- 生息地の変化により広がるベクトル媒介の病原体と,新しい地域に導入された病原体の動態と疾患負担を区別する.
- 地元の発生 (人間要因,動物性循環) と病原菌の侵入 (人為的貿易,移動) の明確な要因を強調する.
- 媒介媒介動物性感染症の制御における課題について議論し,新しい長期的な戦略を提案する.
主な方法:
- 病原体の拡散動態の比較分析.
- 感染に影響を与える要因の生態学的および疫学的評価.
- ベクター媒介動物性感染症の現在のおよび新興の制御戦略のレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 地元の出現は,人間の要因と生息地の変化によって引き起こされ,世界的な貿易と旅行によって促進された導入とは異なる.
- 生態学的要因,特にベクトル特性は,進化的圧力と人間の宿主利用に影響を与えます.
- 既存の制御方法は課題に直面しており,革新的なアプローチが必要である.
結論:
- 局所的な発生と病原菌の侵入の明確な要因を理解することは,効果的な疾病管理に不可欠です.
- 生息地の変化と人間の行動は,ベクトル媒介性疾患の動態に大きな影響を与えます.
- 非伝統的な制御戦略の開発と実施は,これらの病気の長期的な管理に不可欠です.
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