次のパンデミック動物性感染症の予測と予防
Stephen S Morse1, Jonna A K Mazet, Mark Woolhouse
1Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2012
まとめ
ほとんどのパンデミックは動物から発生し,生態学的または行動的変化によって発生します. 将来のパンデミックの予測と予防には,新たなリスク評価アプローチとグローバルな監視戦略が必要です.
科学分野:
- 動物性感染症の発生 発現
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- "ワン・ヘルス・ワン・ヘルス"
背景:
- HIV/AIDSやインフルエンザのようなパンデミックは,しばしば動物から発生し,生態学的,行動的,社会経済的変化によって引き起こされます.
- パンデミック発生の理解にもかかわらず,ヒト感染前にパンデミックが予測されることはありませんでした.
研究 の 目的:
- 新興病原体,宿主起源,および発生要因に関する現在の知識をレビューする.
- パンデミック制御における課題について議論し,新しい予測と予防戦略を探求する.
- パンデミックへの対応から予防への移行を提唱する.
主な方法:
- 動物性感染症の病原体,宿主因子,および発生要因に関する文献レビュー.
- パンデミック監視と制御における現在の課題の分析.
- 早期発見とリスク評価のための新しい技術 (数学モデリング,診断,情報工学) の探索.
主要な成果:
- パンデミックは,病原体,動物の宿主,環境的/社会的要因を含む複雑な出来事です.
- 現在の監視と予測方法は,人類への感染が広がる前にパンデミックを予測するのに不十分です.
- 先進的な技術は,新しい微生物を特定し,リスクを評価する可能性を秘めています.
結論:
- 積極的で予防的な世界的なパンデミック戦略が必要である.
- クリティカルな動物と人間のインターフェースをターゲットとした強化された監視は極めて重要です.
- リスクの高い微生物を特定するための新しいリスク評価ツールの開発は,将来の予防に不可欠です.
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