187か国における健康的な平均寿命,1990-2010年: 2010年世界疾病負担調査のための体系的な分析
Joshua A Salomon1, Haidong Wang, Michael K Freeman
1Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jsalomon@hsph.harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|December 19, 2012
まとめ
健康的な平均寿命 (HALE) は平均寿命よりもゆっくりと増加し,ほとんどの国では障害年数が増加しました. これは,人口の健康状態を改善するために,非致命的な状態のより良い管理の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- グローバルヘルスメトリックと疫学
- 住民の健康評価と傾向について
- 罹病率と死亡率の分析
背景:
- 健康寿命 (Healthy Life Expectancy,HALE) は,死亡率と非致命的な結果を統合した,人口の健康を測る重要な指標である.
- HALEは,健康の比較と時間の経過による変化に関する政策決定において極めて重要です.
- HALEの傾向を理解することは,死亡率を下げると同時に,罹病率を管理するための戦略を告知します.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界的に現在の健康的な平均寿命 (HALE) を特徴づけるために.
- 187か国におけるHALEの過去20年間の変化を分析する.
- HALEの傾向に対する死亡率と障害の変化の貢献を評価する.
主な方法:
- 1990年と2010年のHALE計算のためのGlobal Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2010のデータを活用した.
- 年齢別死亡率と1160の連続症候群の有病率を考慮した寿命表の方法を採用した.
- モンテカルロシミュレーションとサリヴァン法によるHALE推定を用いて併発性の調整.
主要な成果:
- 2010年,世界のHALE出生年齢は男性で58.3歳,女性で61.8歳でした.
- HALEは,平均寿命の1年増加ごとに0.8年増加した.
- 国によってHALEの有意な変動があり,1990年から2010年の間に顕著な増加と減少が観察されました.
結論:
- HALEは,世界的に大きく変化しており,障害年数が増加するとともに,平均寿命が伸びています.
- 罹病率の拡大は,医療計画と医療費支出戦略の改善を必要とします.
- HALEは,2015年以降の人口の健康傾向をモニタリングするための貴重な指標として機能しています.
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