多数の自閉症関連遺伝子は,シナプス・スカフォルド (PSD-95のシナプス・スカフォルド) のプロテアソモール分解によるシナプス除去を媒介する
Nien-Pei Tsai1, Julia R Wilkerson, Weirui Guo
1Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Cell
|December 25, 2012
まとめ
ミオサイト増強因子2 (MEF2) と脆弱X精神障害タンパク質 (FMRP) は,プロトカデリン10 (Pcdh10) を経由してシナプス除去を制御する. この経路はPSD-95の退化を含み,FMRP欠乏性ニューロンでは破壊され,自閉症遺伝子の役割を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 活動依存型転写因子ミオサイト増強因子2 (MEF2) は,神経細胞における刺激性シナプス除去を調節する.
- 認知機能不全と自閉症に関連している脆弱X精神障害タンパク質 (FMRP) は,このプロセスにとって極めて重要です.
- 自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) は,神経細胞の発達と機能に影響を与える遺伝的要因と関連しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ASD遺伝子であるプロトカデリン10 (Pcdh10) がMEF2およびFMRP媒介のシナプス除去における役割を調査する.
- MEF2誘発のPSD-95の分解とFMRPによる規制の基礎となる分子メカニズムを解明する.
- FMRP欠乏症がシナプス除去経路にどのように影響するか理解する.
主な方法:
- MEF2とFMRPによるPcdh10発現の協同調節を調査した.
- Mdm2.2によるPSD-95の改変を検証するために,ユビキチネーションアッセイを用いた.
- Pcdh10とプロテアソームの相互作用を研究した.
- FMRP欠乏がMdm2活性とPSD-95のユビキチン化に及ぼす影響を,EF1αを媒介者として用いて分析した.
主要な成果:
- Pcdh10は,MEF2誘発刺激シナプス除去に不可欠である.
- MEF2の活性化により,PSD-95のMdm2媒介のユビキチン化とプロテアソーマル分解が起こり,これはPcdh10に依存するプロセスである.
- FMRP欠乏性ニューロンでは,EF1αが上昇するとMdm2を隔離し,PSD-95のユビキチン化とシナプス除去を阻害する.
- Pcdh10-プロテアソームの相互作用のブロックは,MEF2誘発のPSD-95の分解とシナプスの除去を防ぐ.
結論:
- MEF2とFMRPは,活動に依存したシナプス除去に不可欠なPcdh10発現を協調的に調節する.
- この発見は,Pcdh10,Mdm2およびPSD-95がシナプス可塑性の調節に関与する新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.
- この経路の調節不良,特にEF1αが上昇したためFMRPが存在しない場合,脆弱なX症候群および潜在的に他のASDで見られるシナプス異常に寄与します.
- 多数の自閉症関連遺伝子は,活動に依存したシナプス除去プロセスにおいて重要な役割を果たします.
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