小さな皇帝:中国の一人っ子政策の行動への影響
L Cameron1, N Erkal, L Gangadharan
1Department of Econometrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. lisa.cameron@monash.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 12, 2013
まとめ
中国の一人っ子政策 (OCP) は,人格に重大な影響を及ぼし,信頼感が薄れ,リスクが避けられ,悲観的な個人を生み出した. この政策政策は,
科学分野:
- 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
- 心理学 心理学とは
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
背景:
- 中国の一人っ子政策 (One-Child Policy, OCP) は,1979年に実施された過激な人口管理措置である.
- OCPは,厳しい家族計画規制を通じて人口増加を制限することを目的とした.
- このような政策の長期的な社会的影響を理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- "一人っ子政策"が個人の性格特性に及ぼす因果関係を調査する.
- OCPによる唯一の子であることによって,人格が変化するかどうかを判断する.
- OCPが信頼,リスク回避,競争力,良心性に与える影響を定量化する.
主な方法:
- 経済学の実験は,1979年のOCPの導入前と後に生まれた421人の参加者と実施されました.
- 人格的特徴は,アンケート調査を用いて評価されました.
- OCPの外部性の性質は,因果関係を確立するために使用され,家族背景をコントロールしました.
主要な成果:
- OCPの影響を受けた個人は,信頼と信頼性のレベルが著しく低いことを示しました.
- 政策の影響を受けた個人は,よりリスク回避的で,競争力が低く,より悲観的でした.
- 独身児のコホートでは,良心性の顕著な低下が観察されました.
結論:
- "一人っ子政策は,中国社会の心理的・社会的な構造に,深刻で永続的な影響を及ぼしてきました.
- OCPは明らかに人格の特徴を形作り,信頼性が低く,リスク回避性が高い人口を生み出しました.
- これらの発見は,個人行動と社会的発展に対する人口制御政策の重要な影響を強調しています.
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