気候現象は,北極圏の高地に住む脊椎動物のコミュニティのダイナミクスを同期させます
Brage B Hansen1, Vidar Grøtan, Ronny Aanes
1Centre for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. brage.b.hansen@ntnu.no
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 19, 2013
まとめ
極端な天候現象は北極の草食動物集団を同期させ,食物網全体に影響を与えます. 人口動態に対するこの気候の影響は,冬の食料の供給を妨げる氷化現象によって引き起こされる.
科学分野:
- 北極の生態系について
- 気候変動の影響は,気候変動の影響です.
- 人口の動態
背景:
- 単一の種に及ぼす気候変動の影響は知られているが,コミュニティレベルでの影響は不明である.
- コミュニティレベルでの気候への反応を理解することは,生態系の変化を予測するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 北極の脊椎動物集団の集団動態に対する極端な天候の影響を調査する.
- 気候強制への対応として,同期した人口変動を誘発するメカニズムを特定する.
主な方法:
- スヴァルバルドの常住脊椎動物草食動物における集団変動の分析.
- 環境要因,特に雪に降る雨のような極端な天候現象との相関分析.
- 北極狐などの二次消費者に対する遅延効果の調査.
主要な成果:
- 極端な天候現象,特に雪の上に降る雨は,北極の草食動物コミュニティの人口変動を同期させます.
- 氷の発生は冬の飼料の供給を妨害し,ボトムアップの強制メカニズムを生み出します.
- 同期した草食動物動態は,北極狐の個体数との相関が遅れている.
結論:
- 間接的およびボトムアップの気候強制は,北極圏の高地で冬を過ごす脊椎動物の集団動態を駆動しています.
- 気候変動による氷の発生頻度の増加は,北極の陸上生態系の特徴を大幅に変化させる可能性があります.
- コミュニティレベルでの人口動態の同期は,北極の極端な天候への重要な対応です.
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