クセノバイオティクスは,ヒトの活性腸内微生物群の生理学と遺伝子発現を形作る
Corinne Ferrier Maurice1, Henry Joseph Haiser, Peter James Turnbaugh
1FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Cell
|January 22, 2013
まとめ
主にFirmicutesであるヒトの活性腸内微生物群は,薬や抗生物質のような異種生物に曝露されたときに,その機能と遺伝子発現を大幅に変化させます. パーソナライズされた医療は,これらの個々の微生物群の多様性を考慮する必要があります.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 人間の微生物群の研究
- メタゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 人間の腸には,薬や抗生物質を含む,異種生物質を代謝するのに不可欠な何兆もの微生物が宿っている.
- 微生物の多様性は特徴づけられているが,活性微生物の集団とその異種生物に対する反応は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 活性の高い腸内微生物を特定し,その生理学的反応と遺伝子発現反応を,異種生物への曝露に評価する.
- 活性腸内微生物群に対するキセノバイオティックの影響を理解し,関連する代謝経路を特定する.
主な方法:
- 結合フローサイトメトリー,16S rRNA遺伝子シーケンシング,およびメタトランスクリプトロミクス.
- 腸内微生物群のサンプルを,異種生物学的物質のパネルに暴露した.
- 微生物の生理学,構造,遺伝子発現の変化を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 活性腸内微生物の独特のセットを特定し,主にFirmicutes.
- 微生物の生理学,構造,遺伝子発現において,異種生物質によって引き起こされた重大な変化が示された.
- 抗生物質耐性,薬物の代謝,およびストレス反応に関与する複数の系統にわたって,異種生物に反応する遺伝子が見つかりました.
結論:
- 多様性調査を超越することは,腸内微生物の代謝活動を理解するために不可欠です.
- クセノバイオティクスは,活発な腸内微生物群に意図せぬ影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
- ヒトの活体腸内微生物群の個体間差異は,パーソナライズド・メディカル・アプローチにとって極めて重要です.
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