ゲノム全体のクロマチンの状態の移行は,発達と環境のシグナルに関連しています
Jiang Zhu1, Mazhar Adli, James Y Zou
1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Cell
|January 22, 2013
まとめ
染色体組織の違いによって,様々な細胞状態が生まれます. この研究は,ヒトの組織クロマチンのマッピングを行い,その構造が発達とインビトロでどのように変化し,細胞のアイデンティティと機能に影響を及ぼすかを明らかにします.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 染色体組織が細胞状態を決定しますが,in vivoの組織風景はほとんど知られていません.
- 人間の組織におけるエピジェノミック・バリエーションの理解は,細胞状態の解明に極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 多様なヒト組織や幹細胞における全ゲノムにわたる染色体組織をマッピングする.
- 機能的なゲノム要素と,異なる細胞タイプと状態におけるその調節を特定する.
- グローバルなエピジェノミック特性と,核構造と細胞現象型との関連性を探求する.
主な方法:
- ヒト組織と幹細胞の大規模なコレクションにおける全ゲノムクロマチンのマッピング.
- 機能的ゲノム要素と規制パターンの分析.
- エピジェノミック特徴,核構造,およびクロマチンの状態移行の調査.
主要な成果:
- 機能的なゲノム要素とその規制に関する前例のない注釈を生成しました.
- 細胞現象型によって異なる核構造と関連したグローバルな表遺伝子特性を明らかにした.
- 発達特異化過程におけるクロマチンの漸進的な制限と,de novoヘテロクロマチンの形成を in vitroで観察した.
結論:
- 染色体状態の移行は,染色体と核構造と関連しています.
- これらの移行は,系統の忠誠性,細胞の老化,再プログラミングに影響を及ぼします.
関連する概念動画
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area.
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Euchromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...


