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食糧不足下での生存を促進するために,脳は高価な記憶を無効にします
Pierre-Yves Plaçais1, Thomas Preat
1Genes and Dynamics of Memory Systems, Neurobiology Unit, UMR 7637 École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles/CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
まとめ
飢えたフルーツハエは,エネルギーを節約し,生存を改善するために,高価な長期記憶 (LTM) の形成を無効にします. この適応性のある脳の可塑性は,食糧不足の時に,記憶よりも生命を優先する.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 動物の行動 動物の行動
- 生理学 生理学とは
背景:
- 脳は,エネルギーホメオスタシスを調節する中心的な役割を果たします.
- 資源が不足しているとき,脳は周辺臓器よりもエネルギー供給を優先します.
- 生き残りを高めるために,脳が自身のエネルギー消費量を減らすことができるかどうかは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 脳のエネルギー消費を低調に調節して生存を促すことができるかどうかを調査する.
- 飢餓が脳の機能,特にドロソフィラの記憶形成に及ぼす影響を調べる.
主な方法:
- 飢餓状態でドロソフィラ・メラノガスターを研究した.
- 嫌悪的な長期記憶 (LTM) の形成とその神経的基盤を調査した.
- ドーパミナージックニューロンとその活動パターンに焦点を当てた神経回路分析を使用しました.
- LTMの回復と生存のトレードオフを評価するために,特定のニューロンの一時的な人工活性化を採用しました.
主要な成果:
- ドロソフィラの飢餓は,特に高価な遠心的な長期記憶 (LTM) の形成を阻害する.
- この生理的状態は,食欲のLTM形成に必要である.
- 不快なLTMに不可欠なドーパミナージックニューロンの遅い振動は,飢えたハエでは廃止されました.
- これらのニューロンの人工的活性化により,LTMは回復したが,生存率は低下した.
結論:
- 脳のエネルギー消費は,飢餓中の生存を促進するために適応的に調節されます.
- 嫌悪的な長期記憶 (LTM) の形成は,適応的メカニズムとして,食糧不足下で抑制されます.
- これは,生物の生存を優先するLTM形成の可塑性を示しています.
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