関連する実験動画
Updated: May 10, 2026
12:33
Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
Published on: January 1, 2014
行動を開始する際に,ストライタル直接経路と間接経路の同時活性化
Guohong Cui1, Sang Beom Jun, Xin Jin
1Section on In Vivo Neural Function, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9412, USA.
Nature
|January 29, 2013
まとめ
研究者らは,基礎性ガンジリアの神経活動を測定する新しい方法を開発した. この研究は,直接的・間接的経路が動きを制御する方法に関する伝統的な見解に異議を唱えます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- モーター・コントロール・コントロール
- ベースリンパ節機能 ベースリンパ節機能
背景:
- ベースリンゴは,自発的な運動制御に不可欠です.
- 現在のモデルは,モーター制御における直接的および間接的な経路の対極的な役割を提案しています.
- これらのモデルを自由に移動する動物でテストすることは困難でした.
研究 の 目的:
- 直接・間接経路の脊髄投影ニューロン (SPN) 活性を選択的に測定するための新しい in vivo 方法の開発.
- ボランティア行動の開始時にこれらの経路の活動パターンを調査する.
主な方法:
- D1-CreとA2A-CreのマウスでGCaMP3のCre依存ウイルス発現を利用した.
- 自由に動くマウスで光ファイバーと時間相関単光子カウント (TCSPC) を採用した.
- オペラント・コンディショニング・タスク中の神経活動の監視.
主要な成果:
- 行動開始時に直接経路および間接経路SPNの両方で神経活動の一時的な増加が観察されました.
- 両経路の同時活性化が逆転運動に先行していることが判明した.
- 神経活動により,500 ms以内の特定の動きが予測されました.
結論:
- 発見は,直接的および間接的経路機能の対立という古典的なモデルに挑戦しています.
- これは,運動制御における基礎性ギャングリア経路のより複雑な相互作用を示唆している.
- ベースガンリアに影響を与える神経学的疾患に関する新しい洞察を提供することができる.
関連する概念動画
01:14Action Potential
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
01:20Motor Unit Stimulation
When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
01:27Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
01:11Direct Motor Pathways
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and the...
01:22Indirect Motor Pathways
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...