hnRNP CとU2AF65の間の直接的な競争は,Alu元素のエクソニゼーションからトランスクリプトームを保護します
Kathi Zarnack1, Julian König, Mojca Tajnik
1European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
Cell
|February 5, 2013
まとめ
人間のゲノムには,遺伝子の機能を妨げる多くのAlu要素が含まれています. RNA結合タンパク質 hnRNP C は,これらの要素がメッセンジャーRNAに誤って含まれることを防ぎ,トランスクリプトームの完全性を保護します.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- RNA スプライシング
背景:
- 人間のゲノムは,転写された領域内に約65万個のAlu元素を含んでいます.
- Alu元素は,暗号的なスプライスサイトを有しており,成熟したトランスクリプトに異常な含有のリスクをもたらし,トランスクリプトームの完全性を脅かします.
- Alu元素のエクソニゼーションを防ぐ分子メカニズムは,ほとんど不明のままである.
研究 の 目的:
- 転置可能な要素の異常なエクソニゼーションから人間のトランスクリプトームが保護されるメカニズムを解明する.
- Alu元素の含有を防止するRNA結合タンパク質 hnRNP Cの役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 定量的なiCLIP (個別核酸分解性クロスリンクング免疫プレシピテーション) で,RNA結合タンパク質の相互作用をマッピングする.
- ミニジェネは,スプライシングイベントと突然変異の影響を研究するためにアッセイを行います.
- 本物および暗号的なスプライスサイトでの hnRNP CおよびU2AF65結合の分析.
主要な成果:
- hnRNP Cは,Alu要素内のスプライスサイトを含む多数のスプライスサイトでスプライス因子U2AF65と競合する.
- hnRNP C機能の喪失は,以前に抑制されたAluエクソンが形成され,トランスクリプト機能の重要な障害につながります.
- Alu要素内の病気に関連した変異は,hNNP C結合を損なうことが判明し,その有害な効果を説明しました.
結論:
- hnRNP Cは,U2AF65がAlu元素と結合することを防止し,トランスクリプトームの完全性を保護することによって,全ゲノムのセンチネルとして作用します.
- このメカニズムは,移植可能な要素の破壊的な影響からヒトのトランスクリプトームを保護するために不可欠です.
- この発見は,人間の進化と,アルウ元素に関連した病気の遺伝的根拠を理解する上で重要な意味を持つ.
関連する概念動画
RNA Splicing
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
Exon Recombination
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...


