クロマチン: セルラー信号の受信機とクォーターバック
David G Johnson1, Sharon Y R Dent
1Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
Cell
|February 5, 2013
まとめ
信号伝達経路は,転写因子とクロマチンの改変を通じて遺伝子発現を調節する. ヒストンの改変は,緊急の細胞プロセスに対する迅速な反応を提供し,単なる遺伝子転写を超えて作用します.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
背景:
- 信号伝達経路は,転写因子を通して遺伝子発現に影響を与えます.
- クロマチンの改変は,転写因子によって採用されます.
- クロマチンの役割は遺伝子調節を超えて,迅速な細胞信号伝達に参加しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 信号伝導,転写因子,およびクロマチンの改変の間のダイナミックな相互作用を探求する.
- 急速な細胞反応におけるヒストン変異の役割を強調する.
- ヒストン修正酵素がクロマチンへの信号伝達とクロマチンからの信号伝達をどのように調整するかを調査する.
主な方法:
- 信号伝達と表遺伝学に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
- 細胞信号への反応としてヒストンの改変のメカニズムの分析.
- ヒストン修飾酵素の非ヒストン基質の試験.
主要な成果:
- クロマチンの改変は,信号伝達経路の重要なインターフェースとして機能する.
- ヒストンの改変により,細胞の反応が迅速になり,より遅い転写変化を補完します.
- ヒストン改変酵素は,信号ハブとして作用し,情報フローを誘導します.
結論:
- ヒストンの改変は,外部信号に対する細胞の迅速な応答の主要な媒介者である.
- クロマチンの機能は,遺伝子調節だけでなく,即時のシグナル伝達イベントにも及ぶ.
- ヒストン修飾酵素は,信号統合のためのクロマチンと非ヒストンの標的を調節する二重の役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors
9.9K
Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
9.9K
Cell Signaling Feedback Loops
5.9K
Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
5.9K
Clamper Circuit
1.3K
A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to...
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to...
1.3K
Signal and System
1.8K
A signal x(t) is a set of data or a time function representing a variable of interest. Signals typically convey information about a phenomenon, such as atmospheric temperature, humidity, human voice, television images, a dog's bark, or birdsongs. More generally, a signal can be a function of more than one independent variable. For instance, images depend on horizontal and vertical positions and can be regarded as two-dimensional signals. However, this text will focus on one-dimensional...
1.8K
Differential Relays
986
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
986
Pilot and Numeric Relaying
589
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
589


