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持続的な人間の干渉による多様性の喪失は,生態系の崩壊に対する脆弱性を高めます
A S MacDougall1, K S McCann, G Gellner
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. amacdo02@uoguelph.ca
Nature
|February 8, 2013
まとめ
人間の干渉は生態系の多様性と安定性を低下させ,隠れた脆弱性を生み出す. 生物多様性の回復は,生態系の回復力と崩壊の防止,特に火災のような障害の後,極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 人間の干渉は生態系を変化させ,多様性と機能的属性を低下させ,侵略に対する耐性などに変化をもたらします.
- 理論的な予測は,多様性の喪失が生態系崩壊のリスクを高めることを示唆しているが,経験的証拠は稀である.
研究 の 目的:
- 草原の生態系の安定性と多様性に対する人間の干渉の長期的な影響を調査する.
- 生物多様性の喪失,生態系機能,崩壊の脆弱性との関連性を実証する.
主な方法:
- 劣化した火力発生性の草原の生態系を分析し,火災撲滅と種絶滅に晒されている.
- 異なる干渉体制下における生態系機能 (生産性,回復力,侵入抵抗力) の比較.
- 火災の再導入に対する生態系の反応の評価,残された原生種の多様性との関係.
主要な成果:
- 火災撲滅は種絶滅につながったが,理論に反して生産性と侵入抵抗性が増加した.
- 生物多様性の喪失は,火災の再導入時に崩壊する隠された脆弱性を生み出した.
- 残存した原生種は草原の持続を促進し,火災後の森林の転換を防止しました.
結論:
- 人間の干渉によって引き起こされる生物多様性の減少は,安定しているように見えるが脆弱な生態系を作り出す可能性があります.
- 高い種の多様性は,生態系の安定性と回復力にとって不可欠であり,重要なバッファリング効果を提供します.
- 生物多様性の保全は,生態系機能を維持し,不可逆的な崩壊を防ぐために不可欠です.
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