生物多様性は,宿主コミュニティの能力の予測可能な変化を通じて病気を減少させます.
Pieter T J Johnson1, Daniel L Preston, Jason T Hoverman
1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. pieter.johnson@colorado.edu
Nature
|February 15, 2013
まとめ
ホストの生物多様性が高くなれば,病気の蔓延が減る. 多様な生態系には,より耐性のある種があり,病原体の伝播と両生類の病気のリスクを78.4%低下させます.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 病気の生態学 病気の生態学
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 種絶滅と病気の発生が増加していることから,生物多様性が病気に与える影響を理解する必要性が高まっている.
- 以前の研究では,宿主の生物多様性と病気のリスクとの間の負の相関が示唆されているが,宿主の能力とコミュニティの集まりの間の関連は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- ホストの多様性,コミュニティの構成,および両生類における病原体 *Ribeiroia ondatrae* の伝播との関係を調査する.
- 生物多様性の保全が野生生物集団における疾病リスクを軽減できるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 345の湿地の高解像度フィールドデータを統合し,複数の実験室とメソコスム実験を行いました.
- 種多様性,コミュニティの構成,病原体の伝播を評価するために,24,215の両生類ホストを調査した.
- ホストの多様性を操作した制御実験を行い,病原体の伝播と疾患の病理性を測定した.
主要な成果:
- 両生類の種の豊かさは,コミュニティの組成の非ランダムな変化と関連しており,種が少ない種ではより有能な宿主があり,多様な集合体ではより耐性のある種がありました.
- 両生類の多様性の増加により,病原体伝播が78.4%減少し,疾患の病理学が著しく減少した.
- 実験的な操作は,宿主密度をコントロールしても,多様性グラデーション全体で病原体伝播と宿主病理の ~ 50% の減少を示しました.
結論:
- 生物多様性,特に宿主種の豊かさは,コミュニティの能力に一貫して影響し,病原体の伝播を抑制します.
- これらの発見は,生物多様性の喪失が病気のリスクを増やす可能性があるという仮説を支持し,病気の生態学に対するコミュニティベースのアプローチの重要性を強調しています.
- 生物多様性の保全は,野生生物疾患の蔓延と影響を減らすための潜在的な戦略を提供します.
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