非伝染性疾患における不平等と効果的な対応
Mariachiara Di Cesare1, Young-Ho Khang, Perviz Asaria
1MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 16, 2013
まとめ
社会経済的地位が低い人々は,非伝染性疾患 (NCD) のリスクが高く,医療へのアクセスが悪くなっています. これらの社会的不平等に対処することは,NCDの全体的な負担を世界的に減らすために不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 社会流行病学 社会流行病学とは
- 健康の格差について
背景:
- 非伝染性疾患 (NCD) は,低社会経済的地位 (SES) と疎外されたコミュニティの個人に不均衡に影響を及ぼします.
- 喫煙や高血圧などのNCDの危険因子における社会的不平等は,経済発展,文化的要因,および健康政策の影響を受けています.
- これらのリスク要因の格差は,主要なNCD,特に心血管疾患と肺がんにおける不平等に大きく貢献しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 社会経済的な地位とNCDリスクと死亡率の間の重要な関連性を強調する.
- NCDの危険因子と医療へのアクセスにおける社会的不平等の役割を強調する.
- NCDの負担の全体的な削減のために,恵まれない集団におけるNCDの減少の必要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- この研究は,社会経済的地位とNCDに関する既存の研究のレビューと合成です.
- 異なる社会経済的グループにおけるリスク要因の流行に関するデータの分析.
- 社会経済的地位に基づくNCDの診断と治療における医療へのアクセス格差の検討.
主要な成果:
- SESが低い個人は,SESが高いグループと比較して,NCDと死亡率が高くなります.
- 危険因子における社会的不平等は,主要なNCDで観察された不平等の半分以上を占めています.
- 恵まれない人口は,時宜にNCDの診断と治療へのアクセスが限られていることが多い.
結論:
- 恵まれないグループにおけるNCDの減少は,世界的なNCDの負担を減らすために不可欠です.
- 効果的な介入には,公平な幼稚園プログラム,教育,雇用支援,標的型タバコ/アルコール規制,塩分削減戦略などがあります.
- 普遍的で,アクセシブルで,質の高いプライマリケアと経済的保護は,NCDの不平等を軽減するために不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:28International Nursing Organizations II
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
01:26Principles of Disease Surveillance
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
01:18Factors Affecting Illness
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
01:28Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
01:30Primary Healthcare Services
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...