1980年から1985年までの米国における致命的な職業傷害
C A Bell1, N A Stout, T R Bender
1Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa 26505-2888.
JAMA
|June 13, 1990
まとめ
1980年から1985年にかけて,米国における職場での死亡事故は年間平均7,000件で,最も高いリスクに直面しているのは男性,高齢者,鉱山/輸送業の労働者でした. トラウマによる職業死亡率は,この期間に23%減少した.
科学分野:
- 職業衛生は,健康に関するものです.
- 公共衛生の監視 公共衛生の監視
- 怪我の疫学 怪我の疫学とは
背景:
- 全国トラウマ性職業死亡 (NTOF) 監視プロジェクトは,米国における労働関連死亡に関するデータを収集するために設立されました.
- 1980年から1985年にかけて,年間約7,000人の労働者が,外傷的な職業上の怪我により死亡しました.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国の労働者の死亡証明書から得られた人口統計,雇用,負傷データを分析する.
- 職業上の死亡事故のリスクの高いグループや業界を特定する.
- トラウマによる職業死亡率の動向を追跡する.
主な方法:
- 1980年から1985年にかけての米国におけるすべての職業上のトラウマによる死亡に関する死亡証明書から収集されたデータ.
- 人口統計的要因 (年齢,性別,人種),雇用情報,死因 (意図しない負傷,殺人) の分析.
- 産業および人口集団による死亡率の計算.
主要な成果:
- 男性は死亡者の94%を占め,意図しない怪我が主な原因 (83%) であった.
- 殺人事件は,女性 (39%) の死亡の主な原因でした.
- 死亡率は,鉱業,輸送,建設,農業業界で最も高かった.
- 年齢層の若者が死亡率が高いのに対し,高齢者 (70歳以上) が死亡率が最も高い.
- 年間トラウマによる職業死亡率は,1980年から1985年にかけて23%減少した.
結論:
- 職業上の死亡事故は,男性と特定の高リスク産業に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼしました.
- 男性と女性の間で死亡原因の有意な違いがあった.
- 高リスクの職業や人口に対して,ターゲットを絞った介入が必要である.
- 死亡率の減少は,安全対策の効果を示唆しています.
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