大人の体幹細胞は,ヒトの寄生虫であるSchistosoma mansoniに含まれています
James J Collins1, Bo Wang, Bramwell G Lambrus
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Nature
|February 22, 2013
まとめ
研究者は,スキストソミアシスを引き起こす寄生虫であるSchistosoma mansoniに,ネボブラストのような幹細胞を発見した. これらの細胞は,寄生虫の長寿に不可欠であり,この広範囲にわたる病気の治療に新しい標的を提供することができます.
科学分野:
- * 寄生虫学について
- * 幹細胞生物学について
- * 分子生物学 * 分子生物学
背景:
- スキストソミアシス (Schistosomiasis) は,寄生虫フラットワーム (Schistosoma) によって引き起こされ,世界中で2億人以上が罹患しています.
- * 寄生虫の長寿は病気の病理学の鍵ですが,そのメカニズムは十分に理解されていません.
- *多能幹細胞 (ネオブラスト) は,自由生活するフラットワームの組織を維持しますが,三角虫の細胞の存在は不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- * 寄生性のトレマトードであるSchistosoma mansoniのネボブラストのような細胞を特定し,特徴づけること.
- * これらの細胞の維持における特定の遺伝子の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- * スキストソーム細胞の形態学的分析.
- * 増殖および分化能力の評価.
- * ゲノムリソースの利用と,遺伝子発現プロファイルのためのRNA-seq.
- * 遺伝子機能を研究するためのRNA干渉 (RNAi)
主要な成果:
- * Schistosoma mansoniにおいて,ネボブラストのような細胞の集団が特定されました.
- *これらの細胞は,平面性ネボブラストと形態学的に類似しており,複数の生殖層に微分化することができる.
- * 線維芽生殖成長因子受容体 (FGFR) オーソログがこれらの細胞で発現することが判明しました.
- *FGFRのオートログを標的にするRNAiは,ネボブラストのような細胞の維持に必要なことを示した.
結論:
- * Schistosoma mansoniはネボブラストのような細胞を有しており,祖先の発達戦略の適応を示唆しています.
- * これらの細胞は寄生虫の長寿と義務寄生虫としての成功に貢献します.
- * これらの細胞を理解することで,新型のスキストソミアシス治療の開発への潜在的な道が開けます.
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